Junagadh rock inscription is an important historical document that provides valuable insights into the history and culture of ancient India. Let's analyze the given statements:

1. It is the first long Sanskrit inscription:
The first statement is correct. The Junagadh rock inscription is indeed the first long Sanskrit inscription found in India. It is written in Brahmi script and contains 14 lines in total. This inscription is significant as it provides information about the achievements and exploits of the Western Kshatrapa king Rudradaman I.

2. It was inscribed by western Kshatrapa king Rudradaman I:
The second statement is also correct. The Junagadh rock inscription was indeed inscribed by the Western Kshatrapa king Rudradaman I. He ruled over the region of Saurashtra (modern-day Gujarat) from around 130 CE to 150 CE. The inscription highlights his military victories, patronage of art and literature, and his religious beliefs.

Significance of the Junagadh rock inscription:
The Junagadh rock inscription holds immense significance for the understanding of ancient Indian history. Some key points of its significance are:

1. Historical Information: The inscription provides valuable historical information about the reign of Rudradaman I and the Western Kshatrapa dynasty. It mentions various military campaigns, alliances, and the king's conquests, shedding light on the political scenario of the time.

2. Linguistic Importance: Being the first long Sanskrit inscription, it contributes to the study of ancient Indian languages and scripts. It helps in understanding the evolution of Brahmi script and the usage of Sanskrit as a language of communication during that period.

3. Cultural and Religious Insights: The inscription reveals the patronage of art, literature, and religion by Rudradaman I. It mentions his contributions to the construction and restoration of temples, indicating his devotion to Hinduism and the promotion of religious practices.

4. Geographical Knowledge: The inscription provides geographical information by mentioning the names of various cities, rivers, and regions. This helps in understanding the extent of Rudradaman I's kingdom and the trade routes prevalent during that era.

In conclusion, the Junagadh rock inscription is the first long Sanskrit inscription and was inscribed by the Western Kshatrapa king Rudradaman I. It holds immense historical, linguistic, cultural, and geographical significance, providing valuable insights into the ancient Indian civilization.

B) 2 only