Photolysis of water is a process that occurs in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplasts during non-cyclic photophosphorylation in photosynthesis. It involves the splitting of water molecules into oxygen, protons (H+), and electrons (e-). Let's break down the process to understand why the correct answer is option 'C' - 12 H.

1. Overview of non-cyclic photophosphorylation:
Non-cyclic photophosphorylation is the primary pathway of ATP synthesis in photosynthesis. It occurs in the thylakoid membrane and involves two photosystems (PSI and PSII) and an electron transport chain (ETC). The process can be summarized in the following steps:

a) Light energy is absorbed by chlorophyll molecules in PSII, exciting electrons to a higher energy level.
b) Excited electrons are transferred from PSII to an electron acceptor, creating a positive charge in PSII.
c) PSII extracts electrons from water molecules through a process called photolysis, resulting in the formation of oxygen, protons (H+), and electrons (e-).
d) Electrons from photolysis replace the excited electrons in PSII.
e) Electrons from PSII are transferred through the electron transport chain, releasing energy that is used to pump protons (H+) into the thylakoid space.
f) The proton gradient created across the thylakoid membrane drives the synthesis of ATP by ATP synthase.
g) Electrons from the electron transport chain are transferred to PSI, where they are re-energized by another photon of light.
h) Excited electrons from PSI are transferred to another electron acceptor, eventually reducing NADP+ to NADPH.

2. Photolysis of water:
During the process of photolysis, water molecules are split into their constituent parts. The reaction can be represented as follows:

2 H2O → 4 H+ + 4 e- + O2

This means that for every 2 water molecules that undergo photolysis, 4 protons (H+) are formed. To determine the total number of protons formed from 12 water molecules, we can use stoichiometry:

12 H2O → 24 H+ + 24 e- + 6 O2

From the equation above, we can see that for every 12 water molecules, 24 protons (H+) are formed. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - 12 H.

In conclusion, during non-cyclic photophosphorylation, the photolysis of 12 water molecules leads to the formation of 24 protons (H+), which is equivalent to 12 H.

Correct anwser is c