Halophytes:
- Halophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in saline (salty) environments such as coastal areas or salt marshes.
- They have specialized adaptations to cope with high salt concentrations in the soil and water.
- The spongy tissue is present in halophytes to store water and maintain turgidity in the cells, which helps the plant tolerate high salt levels.
- The less developed root system in halophytes is an adaptation to prevent excessive salt uptake. The reduced root system reduces the surface area for salt absorption, minimizing the negative effects of high salt concentrations.

Xerophytes:
- Xerophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in dry environments with limited water availability.
- They have various adaptations to conserve water and withstand drought conditions.
- The spongy tissue in xerophytes helps in water storage, allowing the plant to survive during dry periods.
- Xerophytes have a less developed root system to minimize water loss through transpiration. The reduced root system helps in conserving water by reducing the surface area for water absorption.

Mesophytes:
- Mesophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in moderate moisture conditions, neither too wet nor too dry.
- They do not possess extreme adaptations to cope with water availability like halophytes or xerophytes.
- The spongy tissue in mesophytes is present for gas exchange during photosynthesis and water storage, although to a lesser extent compared to halophytes and xerophytes.
- Mesophytes have a well-developed root system that efficiently absorbs water from the soil. The extensive root system allows better access to water resources.

Hydrophytes:
- Hydrophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in aquatic environments such as lakes, rivers, and wetlands.
- They have specialized adaptations to live in waterlogged conditions.
- The spongy tissue in hydrophytes helps in buoyancy and floating on water.
- Hydrophytes have a less developed root system as they can absorb water and nutrients directly from the surrounding aquatic environment. The reduced root system also helps in anchoring the plant in waterlogged soils.

In summary, the presence of spongy tissue and a less developed root system can be observed in halophytes, xerophytes, and hydrophytes, but to different extents depending on their specific adaptations to their respective environments. Mesophytes, on the other hand, typically have a more well-developed root system and spongy tissue, as they are adapted to moderate moisture conditions.

Hydrophytes