Chemical Substances in Organisms
Understanding the chemical substances found in organisms is crucial for studying biology, biochemistry, and medicine. These substances can be categorized into several groups based on their functions and structures.

1. Carbohydrates
- Function: Primary source of energy and structural support.
- Types:
- Monosaccharides (e.g., glucose)
- Disaccharides (e.g., sucrose)
- Polysaccharides (e.g., starch, cellulose)

2. Proteins
- Function: Essential for structure, function, and regulation of the body’s tissues and organs.
- Components:
- Amino acids (20 different types)
- Enzymes (catalysts for biochemical reactions)
- Antibodies (immune defense)

3. Lipids
- Function: Energy storage, membrane structure, and signaling.
- Types:
- Fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated)
- Triglycerides (energy storage)
- Phospholipids (cell membranes)

4. Nucleic Acids
- Function: Genetic information storage and transfer.
- Types:
- DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
- RNA (ribonucleic acid)
- Nucleotide components (adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil)

5. Vitamins and Minerals
- Function: Support various biochemical processes and overall health.
- Examples:
- Vitamins (e.g., A, C, D, E, K)
- Minerals (e.g., calcium, potassium, iron)

Conclusion
Chemical substances in organisms play vital roles in maintaining life processes, supporting growth, and facilitating biochemical reactions. Understanding these compounds is essential for advancements in health, nutrition, and medicine.