What Happens to an Acid or Base in a Water Solution?

When an acid or base is added to water, it undergoes a chemical reaction that alters its chemical properties. The process of dissolving an acid or base in water is called ionization, which is the process of breaking down the acid or base into its component ions.

Acids in Water Solution
When an acid is added to water, it donates a hydrogen ion (H+) to the water molecules, forming hydronium ions (H3O+). For example, when hydrochloric acid (HCl) is added to water, it dissociates into hydrogen ions (H+) and chloride ions (Cl-). The hydrogen ions react with the water molecules to form hydronium ions (H3O+):
HCl (aq) → H+ (aq) + Cl- (aq)
H+ (aq) + H2O (l) → H3O+ (aq)

Bases in Water Solution
When a base is added to water, it accepts a hydrogen ion (H+) from the water molecules, forming hydroxide ions (OH-). For example, when sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is added to water, it dissociates into sodium ions (Na+) and hydroxide ions (OH-). The hydroxide ions react with the water molecules to form hydroxide ions (OH-):
NaOH (aq) → Na+ (aq) + OH- (aq)
OH- (aq) + H2O (l) → H2O (l) + OH- (aq)

Conclusion
In summary, when an acid or base is added to water, it undergoes a chemical reaction that alters its chemical properties. Acids donate hydrogen ions (H+) to form hydronium ions (H3O+), while bases accept hydrogen ions (H+) to form hydroxide ions (OH-). The process of ionization is vital in determining the acidity or basicity of a solution.

When we keep acid in the water then heat generates and splash out which is also harmful for us . In water acid a
so release H+ ions .
In case of Base , I think concentration of OH^- ions will reduce in water .