**Prophase:**

During prophase, the nucleus of the cell undergoes significant changes in preparation for cell division. The c value and n value refer to the amount of DNA in the cell.

- **C Value:** The c value, also known as the DNA content, represents the total amount of DNA in a cell, including both the nuclear and extranuclear DNA.
- **N Value:** The n value, also known as the haploid number, represents the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell.

In prophase, the cell prepares for division by condensing its chromatin into visible chromosomes. The DNA replicates during interphase, resulting in two identical sister chromatids held together by a centromere. The c value doubles as a result of DNA replication. The n value remains the same.

**Metaphase:**

During metaphase, the chromosomes align at the equatorial plane of the cell.

- **C Value:** The c value remains the same as in prophase since there is no DNA replication occurring during metaphase.
- **N Value:** The n value remains the same as in prophase.

The chromosomes align in a single file at the metaphase plate, facilitated by the attachment of spindle fibers to the centromeres. Each chromatid attaches to a separate spindle fiber, ensuring that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

**Anaphase:**

During anaphase, the sister chromatids separate and move towards opposite poles of the cell.

- **C Value:** The c value remains the same as in prophase and metaphase.
- **N Value:** The n value remains the same as in prophase and metaphase.

The centromere splits, allowing the sister chromatids to separate and be pulled towards the opposite poles of the cell by the shortening of the spindle fibers. This ensures that each daughter cell receives an identical set of chromosomes.

**Telophase:**

During telophase, the cell starts to reform its nuclear envelope and the chromosomes decondense.

- **C Value:** The c value remains the same as in prophase, metaphase, and anaphase.
- **N Value:** The n value remains the same as in prophase, metaphase, and anaphase.

The chromosomes reach the opposite poles of the cell, and new nuclear envelopes start to form around each set of chromosomes. The chromosomes begin to decondense, returning to their extended chromatin form. The cell is preparing to undergo cytokinesis, which will result in the division of the cytoplasm and the formation of two daughter cells.

In summary, the c value remains constant throughout prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase, as DNA replication occurs only during interphase. The n value also remains constant during these stages, representing the number of complete sets of chromosomes in a cell.

We use "c" to represent the DNA content in a cell..
And
"n" to represent the number of complete sets of chromosomes...