Option A is correct, pnematophores are occurs in halophytes like mangrove's ,rhizophora.. these roots are modifid for respiration.. this roots shows positively phototropic movements and negative ly geotropic movements..

Pneumatophores are specialized aerial roots that grow vertically upwards from the underground roots of certain plant species. These structures are found in plants growing in marshy areas, shallow water, or saline soils. The main function of pneumatophores is to allow gas exchange between the root system and the atmosphere.

Halophytes

Halophytes are plants that are adapted to grow in saline soils. These plants have specialized mechanisms to deal with the high salt concentrations in the soil. Pneumatophores are one of these adaptations. By growing above the surface of the soil, these structures allow the roots to obtain oxygen from the air while keeping them above the saline soil.

Examples of halophytes that have pneumatophores include mangroves, salt marsh grasses, and some species of mangrove ferns.

Free-floating hydrophytes, Submerged hydrophytes, and Carnivorous plants

Free-floating hydrophytes are plants that grow on the surface of the water, while submerged hydrophytes are plants that grow entirely underwater. These plants do not require pneumatophores as they obtain oxygen through their leaves or directly from the water.

Carnivorous plants are plants that have adapted to obtain nutrients by trapping and digesting insects and other small animals. These plants do not require pneumatophores as their nutrient acquisition strategy does not depend on oxygen exchange.

Conclusion

In conclusion, pneumatophores are specialized roots that occur in halophytes. These structures allow the roots to obtain oxygen from the air while keeping them above the saline soil. Free-floating hydrophytes, submerged hydrophytes, and carnivorous plants do not require pneumatophores as they obtain oxygen through different mechanisms.