Regulation of Carbohydrate, Protein, and Lipid Metabolism:

Carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism are regulated by various hormones and enzymes. Insulin is a hormone that regulates carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism by promoting the uptake and storage of glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids. However, there are hormones that regulate these metabolic processes in a manner opposite to that of insulin.

Hormones that Regulate Metabolism Opposite to Insulin:

1. Glycogen: Glycogen is a hormone that regulates carbohydrate metabolism in the liver and muscle. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and increases blood glucose levels.

2. Cortisol: Cortisol is a hormone that regulates protein and lipid metabolism. It promotes the breakdown of proteins into amino acids and increases the synthesis of glucose from amino acids. It also promotes the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and increases blood glucose levels.

3. Epinephrine: Epinephrine is a hormone that regulates carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and increases blood glucose levels. It also promotes the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and increases the synthesis of glucose from amino acids.

4. Non-epinephrine: Non-epinephrine is a hormone that regulates carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. It promotes the breakdown of glycogen into glucose and increases blood glucose levels. It also promotes the breakdown of fats into fatty acids and increases blood lipid levels.

Conclusion:

Glycogen, cortisol, epinephrine, and non-epinephrine are hormones that regulate carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism in a manner opposite to that of insulin. They promote the breakdown of glycogen, proteins, and fats and increase blood glucose and lipid levels.