Who is the father of immunology?

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Edward Anthony Jenner  is the father of immunology.

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Immunological failure occurs when there is a fall of CD4 counts to pretherapy baseline (or below) or 50% fall from the on-treatment peak value (if known) or persistent CD4 levels below 100 cells/mm3 6 months after ART initiation [14, 15].

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Edward Jenner .

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Father of immunology is Louis Pasteur He was french biologist and microbiologist

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**Edward Jenner: The Father of Immunology**

Edward Jenner, also known as the father of immunology, was an English physician and scientist who made significant contributions to the field of medicine in the late 18th century. He is best known for developing the smallpox vaccine, which paved the way for the concept of immunization and revolutionized the field of immunology.

**Early Life and Education**

Edward Jenner was born on May 17, 1749, in Berkeley, Gloucestershire, England. He received his early education at the local grammar school and later trained as an apprentice to a surgeon. After completing his apprenticeship, Jenner went on to study medicine at St. George's Hospital in London, where he further honed his medical skills.

**Discovery of Smallpox Vaccine**

During Jenner's time, smallpox was a highly contagious and deadly disease that caused widespread devastation. However, Jenner observed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox, a mild disease in cows, seemed to be immune to smallpox. This observation sparked his curiosity and led him to conduct a series of experiments.

Jenner's groundbreaking experiment involved taking material from a cowpox sore on a milkmaid's hand and injecting it into an eight-year-old boy named James Phipps. After the injection, Phipps developed a mild case of cowpox but showed no signs of smallpox when later exposed to the disease. This experiment demonstrated that exposure to cowpox provided protection against smallpox.

**Impact and Legacy**

Jenner's discovery of the smallpox vaccine had a profound impact on the world. Smallpox, which had plagued humanity for centuries, was eventually eradicated in 1980, thanks to widespread vaccination efforts inspired by Jenner's work. His discovery laid the foundation for modern immunology and the development of vaccines for various infectious diseases.

Jenner's work not only saved countless lives but also paved the way for future advancements in the field of immunology. His approach of using a milder form of a disease to provide immunity against a more severe form laid the groundwork for the concept of immunization, which has since been used to develop vaccines for diseases such as polio, measles, and influenza.

**Conclusion**

Edward Jenner's contributions to the field of immunology cannot be overstated. His discovery of the smallpox vaccine and the concept of immunization revolutionized the field of medicine, saving countless lives and leading to the eventual eradication of smallpox. Today, his work continues to inspire and guide scientists in their quest to develop effective vaccines against various infectious diseases.

Answer

Edward Jenner is known to be the father of immunology

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