Formula of Citric Acid
Citric acid is a weak organic acid commonly found in citrus fruits such as lemons, oranges, and limes. It has the chemical formula C₆H₈O₇ and is classified as a tricarboxylic acid.

Structure of Citric Acid
Citric acid is composed of three carboxylic acid groups, which are responsible for its acidic properties. The molecule has a central carbon atom bonded to three carboxylic acid groups and a hydroxyl group.

Uses of Citric Acid
- Food and Beverage Industry: Citric acid is widely used as a flavoring agent and preservative in food and beverages.
- Household Cleaners: It is also used in household cleaners due to its acidic properties, which help in removing mineral deposits.
- Cosmetics: Citric acid is a common ingredient in cosmetics and personal care products, where it is used as a pH adjuster and exfoliant.

Production of Citric Acid
Citric acid is typically produced by fermentation of sugar-containing substrates such as molasses or corn steep liquor by certain species of mold, Aspergillus niger. The process involves the conversion of sugars into citric acid through a series of enzymatic reactions.

Conclusion
In conclusion, citric acid is a versatile compound with various applications in different industries. Its chemical formula, C₆H₈O₇, and structure play a crucial role in determining its properties and uses. Its production process through fermentation makes it a sustainable and cost-effective ingredient in various products.