Meta-directing group towards electrophilic substitution reaction in be...
The carbonyl group withdraw the electron from the benzene ring through minus R effect. This deactivates the ring at ortho and para positions (less electron density). Since, the electrophile attack on electron rich positions, the deactivation at ortho and para positions make it to attack on meta position which has relatively higher electron density. Thus, option c is correct.
Meta-directing group towards electrophilic substitution reaction in be...
To direct a group towards electrophilic substitution reaction in benzene, we need to consider the effect of different groups on the reactivity of the benzene ring. In this case, the correct answer is option 'C', which is -CHO (aldehyde group).
Here's an explanation of why -CHO group is the correct answer:
1. The effect of -OH group:
- The -OH group is an ortho-para director, meaning it directs the incoming electrophile to the ortho and para positions of the benzene ring.
- However, -OH group is a strong activator and a deactivator due to its strong electron-donating nature. It activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution but also deactivates it due to electron withdrawal through resonance and inductive effects.
- Hence, it does not efficiently direct the group towards electrophilic substitution.
2. The effect of -NH2 group:
- The -NH2 group is also an ortho-para director, similar to -OH group.
- However, -NH2 group is a strong activator and a deactivator due to its electron-donating nature. It activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution but also deactivates it due to resonance and inductive effects.
- Therefore, it does not efficiently direct the group towards electrophilic substitution.
3. The effect of -CHO group:
- The -CHO group is a meta director, meaning it directs the incoming electrophile to the meta position of the benzene ring.
- The -CHO group is a weak activator and a deactivator. It activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution but deactivates it due to resonance and inductive effects.
- However, the presence of the -CHO group primarily directs the electrophile to the meta position, making it an effective meta directing group in electrophilic substitution reactions.
4. The effect of -CH3 group:
- The -CH3 group is an ortho-para director, similar to -OH and -NH2 groups.
- However, the -CH3 group is a weak activator and a deactivator. It activates the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution but deactivates it due to resonance and inductive effects.
- It does not efficiently direct the group towards electrophilic substitution.
In conclusion, the -CHO group is the correct answer as it is a meta directing group and effectively directs the electrophile towards the meta position of the benzene ring in electrophilic substitution reactions.
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