What happens when an unsaturated hydrocarbon like ethene reacts with hydrogen in the presence of Ni/Pd catalyst? Write the chemical equation involved in this reaction. What is the industrial use of this reaction?

Question

Answer

I can explain this answer in a very easiest way. Now, When an Unsaturated hydrocarbon like Ethene (CH2=CH2) reacts with Hydrogen (H2) in the presence of Nickel/Palladium catalyst, it becomes Saturated Hydrocarbons. Because, here the Hydrogenation occurs (or simply, the addition of Hydrogen).

Hydrogenation (Additional Reaction) occurs when Unsaturated hydrocarbons (oil) is converted into Saturated Hydrocarbons (fats) by ADDING HYDROGEN in the presence of Nickel /Palladium.

CH2=CH2(C2H4) + H2 ===>CH3 - CH3 (C2H6)

When you observe the above reaction, the Ethene(C2H4) reacts with Hydrogen (H2) in the presence of Nickel /Palladium catalyst to obtain in the product side Ethane (C2H6).

Note:- You can represent the Ethene in C2H4 or CH2=CH2 and Ethane in C2H6 or CH3 - CH3, in this both molecular formula, you can write any one molecular formula instead of writing two. It's your choice.

In Industrial uses, the process of Hydrogenation is used to convert vegetable oil (Dalda) to Vanaspathi Ghee.

Vegetable oil + H2 ===> Vanaspathi Ghee.

Vegetable oil (Unsaturated hydrocarbon) reacts with Hydrogen in the presence of Nickel/Palladium Catalyst for the formation of Vanaspathi Ghee (Saturated Hydrocarbon).

Note:- Double bond like (CH2=CH2) represents Unsaturated hydrocarbon, and Single bond like (CH3 - CH3) represents Saturated Hydrocarbon.

Hope, I think you would be bored by listening this information. Because, it is a very long explanation and you would like this answer to be in a very short. So don't worry, it's all done to explain very well regarding to this concept. Hope you would understand very well friend..

Answer

When hydrogen is added to any unsaturated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst to form saturated hydrocarbon or alkanes,it is known as addition reaction or also known as hydrogenation.

example:
C2H4+H2---->(Ni/Pd)--->C2H6

industrial use:
It has wide application when vegetable oil is converted to vanaspati ghee by this reaction.

Answer

Reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbon with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst:

When an unsaturated hydrocarbon like ethene (C2H4) reacts with hydrogen (H2) in the presence of a catalyst such as nickel (Ni) or palladium (Pd), a process called hydrogenation occurs. This reaction is an example of an addition reaction, where hydrogen atoms are added to the unsaturated hydrocarbon to form a saturated hydrocarbon.

Chemical equation:

The chemical equation for the reaction between ethene and hydrogen in the presence of a Ni or Pd catalyst can be written as follows:

C2H4 + H2 → C2H6

This equation represents the addition of two hydrogen atoms to each carbon atom of ethene, resulting in the formation of ethane (C2H6). During this reaction, the double bond between the carbon atoms in ethene is broken, and two single bonds are formed with hydrogen atoms.

Industrial use of this reaction:

The hydrogenation reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons has significant industrial applications, including:

1. Production of margarine and vegetable oils: Unsaturated vegetable oils, such as soybean oil, can undergo hydrogenation to convert them into solid fats like margarine. This process involves the addition of hydrogen to the carbon-carbon double bonds present in the unsaturated fats, resulting in the formation of saturated fats.

2. Manufacturing of synthetic polymers: Hydrogenation reactions are crucial in the production of various synthetic polymers, including plastics. For example, the hydrogenation of ethene leads to the production of ethane, which is a building block for the synthesis of polyethylene, one of the most widely used plastics.

3. Hydrocracking in petroleum refining: Hydrogenation reactions are employed in the petroleum industry to break down heavy hydrocarbon molecules into lighter, more valuable products. By adding hydrogen to unsaturated hydrocarbons, the process helps remove impurities, increase the energy content, and improve the quality of petroleum products.

4. Reduction of unsaturated organic compounds: Hydrogenation reactions are used to reduce various unsaturated organic compounds, such as aldehydes, ketones, and nitro compounds, to their corresponding saturated forms. This reduction process is frequently employed in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, dyes, and other chemical compounds.

In conclusion, the hydrogenation of unsaturated hydrocarbons like ethene with hydrogen in the presence of a Ni/Pd catalyst is an important industrial reaction. It finds applications in the production of margarine, vegetable oils, synthetic polymers, petroleum refining, and reduction of unsaturated organic compounds. These applications highlight the significance of this reaction in various industries.

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