Background:
The Indian National Congress (INC) was formed in 1885 with the aim of seeking greater political representation for Indians under British rule. The INC held annual sessions where members discussed and debated various issues related to Indian politics and society.

Resolution of 1899:
The 1899 session of the INC was held in Lucknow, and it passed a resolution demanding both permanent fixation of revenue in ryotwari areas and a ceiling on zamindari rent. This resolution was significant because it reflected the growing concern among Indian leaders about the economic exploitation of peasants by zamindars (landlords) and the colonial state.

Presiding Officer:
The 1899 session of the INC was presided over by R.C. Dutt, a prominent Indian nationalist and economic thinker. Dutt was a member of the Indian Civil Service and had served in various capacities in the British colonial administration before resigning in 1886 to join the nationalist movement.

Importance of the Resolution:
The resolution passed by the 1899 session of the INC was significant for several reasons. First, it highlighted the economic grievances of Indian peasants and called for measures to protect their interests. Second, it reflected the growing radicalization of the nationalist movement, which was increasingly willing to challenge the colonial state on economic as well as political issues. Finally, it demonstrated the importance of economic issues in the Indian nationalist discourse and the need for a comprehensive program of economic reform to accompany political demands for self-rule.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the resolution passed by the 1899 session of the INC demanding permanent fixation of revenue in ryotwari areas and a ceiling on zamindari rent was an important milestone in the Indian nationalist movement. It reflected the growing concern among Indian leaders about the economic exploitation of peasants and the need for comprehensive economic reform to accompany political demands for self-rule. R.C. Dutt, who presided over the session, was a prominent Indian nationalist and economic thinker who played an important role in shaping the nationalist discourse on economic issues.