Interleukins are responsible for activation of:a)Cell mediated immunityb)Humoral immunityc)Both (a) and (b)d)None of the aboveCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Interleukin (IL), any of a group of naturally occurring proteins that mediate communication between cells. Interleukins regulate cell growth, differentiation, and motility. They are particularly important in stimulating immune responses, such as inflammation.

Answer

Immunological functions of most of the interleukins are known to some degree IL -1 and IL-2 are primarily responsible for activating T and B lymphocytes ( white blood cells integral to bringing about the acquired immune response ) with IL-2 being a stimulant of T and B-Cells growth and maturation

Answer

Correct answer is option.c. Both (a) and ( b)

Answer

Interleukins are a group of signaling molecules that play a crucial role in the immune system. They are produced by various cells, including immune cells like T cells, B cells, and macrophages, as well as non-immune cells like fibroblasts and endothelial cells. Interleukins are responsible for the activation and regulation of both cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity.

Cell-Mediated Immunity:
Interleukins are involved in the activation of cell-mediated immune responses. When an antigen is encountered by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells, they process and present the antigen to T cells. Interleukins, particularly interleukin-1 (IL-1) and interleukin-12 (IL-12), are released by these APCs to activate T cells.

1. Interleukin-1 (IL-1): IL-1 is produced by macrophages and other cells in response to infection or inflammation. It stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of T cells, promoting the activation of cell-mediated immunity.

2. Interleukin-12 (IL-12): IL-12 is mainly produced by macrophages and dendritic cells. It plays a crucial role in activating natural killer (NK) cells and promoting the differentiation of naïve T cells into T helper 1 (Th1) cells. Th1 cells are involved in cell-mediated immune responses, such as the activation of cytotoxic T cells and macrophages.

Humoral Immunity:
Interleukins also play a significant role in the activation of humoral immune responses. Humoral immunity involves the production of antibodies by B cells in response to an antigen.

1. Interleukin-4 (IL-4): IL-4 is produced by activated T cells and plays a crucial role in the differentiation of naïve B cells into antibody-secreting plasma cells. It also promotes the class switching of antibodies to different isotypes, such as IgG, IgE, and IgA.

2. Interleukin-21 (IL-21): IL-21 is produced by activated T cells and is involved in the proliferation and differentiation of B cells into plasma cells. It enhances antibody production and is crucial for the formation of germinal centers, where B cells undergo affinity maturation and class switching.

Both Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immunity:
Interleukins can simultaneously activate both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses, leading to a coordinated immune response against pathogens.

In conclusion, interleukins play a critical role in the activation and regulation of both cell-mediated and humoral immune responses. They are responsible for the activation of T cells, B cells, and other immune cells, promoting an effective immune response against pathogens. Therefore, the correct answer is option 'C' - Both (a) and (b).

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