Darwin's theory is based on certain observations and the deductions th...
Observations:
a. Populations have unlimited fertility
b. Most populations ultimately attain a stable size
c. Natural resources are limited
Deductions:
i. Struggle for existence
ii. Survival of the fittest
iii. Natural selection
Explanation:
1. Struggle for existence:
From the observation that populations have unlimited fertility and natural resources are limited, we can deduce the concept of the struggle for existence. With unlimited fertility, populations tend to produce more offspring than the available resources can support. This leads to competition among individuals for resources such as food, water, and shelter. Only a fraction of the population can survive and reproduce successfully due to limited resources. Hence, the deduction of the struggle for existence is supported by the given observations.
2. Survival of the fittest:
The concept of survival of the fittest can also be deduced from the given observations. When populations have unlimited fertility and resources are limited, individuals with variations that make them better adapted to their environment have a higher chance of surviving and reproducing. These individuals are considered the "fittest" because they are better able to acquire the limited resources and overcome the challenges of the environment. Over time, the traits that enhance survival and reproduction become more prevalent in the population, leading to the evolution of species. Therefore, the deduction of survival of the fittest is also supported by the given observations.
3. Natural selection:
The concept of natural selection is closely related to the deductions of the struggle for existence and survival of the fittest. Natural selection is the process by which individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on those traits to the next generation. In the given observations, the struggle for existence and the survival of the fittest are evident. Individuals that are better adapted to their environment have a higher chance of survival and reproductive success. This differential reproductive success leads to the gradual accumulation of beneficial traits in the population over generations, resulting in the process of natural selection. Therefore, the deduction of natural selection is supported by the given observations.
In conclusion, from the given observations, we can deduce the concepts of the struggle for existence, survival of the fittest, and natural selection. These deductions are fundamental to Darwin's theory of evolution and provide insight into how species adapt and change over time.
Darwin's theory is based on certain observations and the deductions th...
I think the answer is 4th. Read 12th ncert pg. no. 135
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