A condensation reaction that occurs between two separate molecules is called intermolecular condensation. ... The opposite of acondensation reaction that releases a water molecule is called a hydrolysis reaction. This happens when one molecule is split into two via the addition of a water molecule.

Condensation vs Hydrolysis

Condensation and hydrolysis are two important biochemical reactions that occur in living organisms. Both reactions involve the formation and breaking of chemical bonds. However, there are some key differences between the two reactions.

Condensation

Condensation is a chemical reaction that involves the joining of two or more molecules to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule like water, alcohol or HCl. The reaction is also called dehydration synthesis because water is removed during the process. Condensation is an important reaction in the formation of macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids.

Steps involved in Condensation:

1. Two molecules react with each other
2. A covalent bond is formed between the two molecules
3. A small molecule is eliminated, usually water
4. A larger molecule is formed

Hydrolysis

Hydrolysis, on the other hand, is the reverse of condensation. It is a chemical reaction that involves the breaking of a large molecule into smaller molecules by the addition of a water molecule. Hydrolysis is an important reaction in the breakdown of macromolecules in living organisms.

Steps involved in Hydrolysis:

1. A molecule is broken down into smaller molecules
2. A water molecule is added to the reaction
3. A covalent bond is broken
4. Smaller molecules are formed

Differences between Condensation and Hydrolysis

1. Reactants and Products: Condensation involves the joining of two or more molecules to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule like water, alcohol or HCl. Hydrolysis, on the other hand, is the breaking of a large molecule into smaller molecules by the addition of a water molecule.
2. Water: In condensation, water is eliminated during the process, whereas in hydrolysis, water is added to the reaction.
3. Type of Reaction: Condensation is a synthesis reaction, whereas hydrolysis is a decomposition reaction.
4. Energy: Condensation usually requires energy input to form covalent bonds between the molecules, whereas hydrolysis releases energy when covalent bonds are broken.
5. Biological significance: Condensation is important in the formation of macromolecules, whereas hydrolysis is important in the breakdown of macromolecules.

Conclusion

In summary, condensation and hydrolysis are two important biochemical reactions that are involved in the formation and breakdown of macromolecules in living organisms. While condensation involves the joining of two or more molecules to form a larger molecule with the elimination of a small molecule, hydrolysis involves the breaking of a large molecule into smaller molecules by the addition of a water molecule.