Enzymes in Control and Regulation of Biological Processes

Enzymes play a critical role in controlling and regulating biological processes. They catalyze reactions and enable the conversion of substrates into products. However, the activity of enzymes is not constant but is controlled by various factors, including inhibitors, regulators, allosteric enzymes, and activators.

Inhibitors

Inhibitors are molecules that bind to enzymes and reduce their activity. They can be classified into two types: competitive and non-competitive inhibitors. Competitive inhibitors compete with the substrate for binding to the active site of the enzyme, while non-competitive inhibitors bind to a different site on the enzyme, altering its shape and reducing its activity.

Regulators

Regulators are molecules that control the activity of enzymes. They can be classified into two types: positive and negative regulators. Positive regulators enhance enzyme activity, while negative regulators inhibit enzyme activity.

Allosteric Enzymes

Allosteric enzymes are enzymes that have two or more binding sites. The active site is where the substrate binds, while the allosteric site is where regulators bind. When regulators bind to the enzyme, they induce a conformational change that alters the enzyme's activity.

Activators

Activators are molecules that enhance enzyme activity. They bind to the enzyme and induce a conformational change that increases the enzyme's activity.

All of Them

In conclusion, the control and regulation of biological processes involve various enzymes that are affected by inhibitors, regulators, allosteric enzymes, and activators. These molecules play a critical role in maintaining the balance and efficiency of biological processes.

Regulators control most of the biologically catalysed reactions occuring in living organisms. So, option b is correct.