Maize, sorghum, millet and barley; pulses such as soybean,mungbean, chickpea, pigeonpea, lentil, and groundnut; and root and tuber crops such as taro, yam, cassava,potato and sweet potato are called as coarse grains.

Coarse grains refer to a category of grains that have larger kernels compared to other grains. They are also known as cereal grains and are an important staple food for many countries around the world. Coarse grains include crops such as maize (corn), sorghum, millet, barley, and oats.

Importance of Coarse Grains in Agriculture:

1. Food Security: Coarse grains play a vital role in ensuring food security, especially in developing countries. They are a source of energy, carbohydrates, and essential nutrients for a significant portion of the world's population.

2. Drought Resistance: Coarse grains are well-adapted to arid and semi-arid regions, making them more resilient to drought conditions compared to other crops. They require less water for growth and have better tolerance to heat and dry spells.

3. Crop Rotation: Coarse grains are often used in crop rotation systems to improve soil fertility and break pest and disease cycles. They have different nutrient requirements compared to other crops, which helps in maintaining soil health and reducing the need for synthetic fertilizers.

4. Livestock Feed: Coarse grains are a valuable source of animal feed. They are used as a primary ingredient in livestock diets, providing energy, protein, and fiber. Coarse grains such as maize and sorghum are commonly used in feed formulations for poultry, pigs, and cattle.

5. Economic Importance: Coarse grains have significant economic value in both domestic and international markets. They are used as raw materials in various industries, including food processing, brewing, and biofuel production. The cultivation and trade of coarse grains contribute to the economic development of agricultural communities.

6. Nutritional Benefits: Coarse grains are nutrient-dense and provide essential vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. They are a good source of complex carbohydrates and have a lower glycemic index compared to refined grains, making them beneficial for managing blood sugar levels and preventing chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity.

In conclusion, coarse grains are of great importance in agriculture due to their role in ensuring food security, their ability to thrive in challenging environmental conditions, their contribution to soil fertility, their value as livestock feed, their economic significance, and their nutritional benefits.