Explanation:

Inheritance of acquired characters is a theory proposed by Jean Baptiste Lamarck. According to him, an organism can pass on the traits it acquired during its lifetime to its offspring. This theory was proposed in the early 19th century and was later rejected by the scientific community due to lack of evidence.

Lamarckism:

Lamarckism is a theory of evolution that proposes that organisms can acquire traits during their lifetime and pass them on to their offspring. According to Lamarck, the environment plays a critical role in shaping an organism's traits. He believed that organisms could adapt to their environment by developing new traits or modifying existing ones. Over time, these acquired traits would become heritable and be passed on to future generations.

Neo-Lamarckism:

Neo-Lamarckism is a theory that seeks to revive Lamarck's ideas by incorporating modern genetic principles. According to this theory, organisms can acquire traits through their interaction with the environment, and these acquired traits can be passed on to their offspring. However, unlike Lamarck, neo-Lamarckians believe that these acquired traits are not the sole cause of evolution but are instead one of many factors that contribute to it.

Darwinism:

Darwinism is a theory of evolution that proposes that evolution occurs through natural selection. According to this theory, organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to future generations. Unlike Lamarckism, Darwinism does not propose that acquired traits can be passed on to offspring.

Neo-Darwinism:

Neo-Darwinism is a modern theory of evolution that combines Darwin's ideas with modern genetics. According to this theory, evolution occurs through a combination of natural selection and genetic variation. Mutations and other genetic changes provide the raw material for natural selection to act upon, leading to the evolution of new species. Like Darwinism, neo-Darwinism does not propose that acquired traits can be passed on to offspring.

Lamarckism or Lamarckian inheritance also known as Neo-Lamarckism is the notion that an organism can pass on to its offspring physical characteristics that the parent organism acquired through use or disuse during its lifetime