The endoplasmic reticulum is of two types on the basis of the presence of ribosomes. If the endoplasmic reticulum ribosomes attached to them then it is called as rough endoplasmic reticulum and if there are no ribosomes on endoplasmic reticulum then it is called a smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Rough endoplasmic reticulum produces and transports protein and smooth endoplasmic reticulum produces and transports lipid which provides a framework to the plasma membrane by a known as membrane biogenesis

The correct answer is option 'D': Endoplasmic reticulum.

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle in eukaryotic cells that plays a crucial role in the synthesis and transportation of proteins and lipids, which are essential components of the cell membrane. The ER is a network of interconnected tubules and flattened sacs called cisternae, which are involved in various cellular processes.

- The ER consists of two regions: the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER). The RER is involved in protein synthesis, while the SER is primarily responsible for lipid synthesis and detoxification.
- The RER gets its name from the ribosomes that are attached to its surface, giving it a rough appearance under a microscope. These ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins that are destined for secretion or insertion into the cell membrane.
- The proteins synthesized in the RER undergo further modifications, such as folding and glycosylation, to become functional. They are then packaged into transport vesicles and transported to their final destinations within or outside the cell.
- The SER, on the other hand, lacks ribosomes and is involved in lipid metabolism. It synthesizes lipids, including phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones, which are essential components of the cell membrane. These lipids are also involved in various cellular processes, such as signaling and cell membrane fluidity.
- The ER also plays a role in the detoxification of harmful substances, such as drugs and toxins, by modifying them into more water-soluble forms that can be easily excreted from the cell.
- Additionally, the ER is involved in calcium ion storage and release, which is important for various cellular processes, including muscle contraction and cell signaling.

In summary, the endoplasmic reticulum, specifically the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), is where essential proteins and lipids required for the cell membrane are manufactured. The RER synthesizes and modifies proteins, while the SER synthesizes lipids. These components are then transported to their respective destinations within or outside the cell, contributing to the structure and function of the cell membrane.