Vijayanagara Empire was a prominent South Indian empire that ruled from the 14th to the 17th century. The empire was known for its military strength, cultural richness, and patronage of arts and literature. One of the significant expeditions sent by the Vijayanagara kings was to north Sri Lanka.

Harihara II's Expedition to North Sri Lanka:
The correct answer to the question is option 'D' - Harihara II. Harihara II was one of the early kings of the Vijayanagara Empire. He ruled from 1377 to 1404 AD. Harihara II sent an expedition to north Sri Lanka during his reign.

Reasons for the Expedition:
The primary reason behind Harihara II's expedition to north Sri Lanka was to curb the growing influence and control of the Pandyan dynasty over the region. The Pandyan dynasty, based in south India, had expanded its dominion to parts of Sri Lanka during that time.

Objective of the Expedition:
The objective of the expedition was to establish Vijayanagara's authority and regain control over the northern regions of Sri Lanka. By doing so, Harihara II aimed to weaken the Pandyan dynasty's hold and establish Vijayanagara as a dominant power in the region.

Outcome of the Expedition:
Harihara II's expedition to north Sri Lanka was successful, and the Vijayanagara Empire was able to establish its control over the region. This expedition marked the expansion of the Vijayanagara Empire's influence beyond the Indian subcontinent.

Significance of the Expedition:
1. Strategic Importance: The expedition to north Sri Lanka helped Vijayanagara gain control over key trading routes and ports of the Indian Ocean. This expanded their maritime influence and facilitated trade with other regions.
2. Strengthening Political Power: By establishing control over Sri Lanka, Vijayanagara demonstrated its military prowess and political dominance in the region. This enhanced the empire's reputation and power.
3. Cultural Exchange: The expedition also facilitated cultural exchange between Vijayanagara and Sri Lanka. It led to the spread of Hinduism and the influence of Vijayanagara's art, architecture, and literature in Sri Lanka.
4. Economic Benefits: The control over Sri Lanka's trade routes and ports brought economic benefits to the Vijayanagara Empire. It allowed them to establish trade relations with other regions and enhance their wealth.
5. Expansion of the Empire: The expedition to Sri Lanka was part of Vijayanagara's expansionist policies. It marked the empire's reach beyond the Indian mainland and showcased its ambition to establish a vast empire.

In conclusion, Harihara II, one of the early kings of the Vijayanagara Empire, sent an expedition to north Sri Lanka to establish control over the region and weaken the influence of the Pandyan dynasty. The expedition was successful and contributed to the empire's strategic, political, cultural, and economic growth.

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