Mendel's Laws of inheritance can be described as; 1. The Law of Dominance: The offspring always exhibits a dominant trait. From the two alleles received from parents, the only dominant allele is expressed. 2. The Law of Segregation: The two copies of each chromosome will be separated from each other, causing the two distinct alleles located on those chromosomes to segregate from one another. 3. The Law of Independent Assortment: The traits inherited through one gene will be inherited independently of the traits inherited through another gene because the genes reside on different chromosomes that are independently assorted into daughter cells during meiosis.

Mendelian laws of inheritance refer to the fundamental principles discovered by Gregor Mendel through his experiments with pea plants in the 19th century. These laws explain how inherited traits are passed from parents to offspring and form the basis of classical genetics. There are three main laws of inheritance proposed by Mendel:

1. Law of Segregation:
- The Law of Segregation states that during the formation of gametes (reproductive cells), the two alleles for each gene separate or segregate from each other.
- This means that each gamete carries only one allele for each trait, and when fertilization occurs, the offspring receive one allele from each parent.
- The separation of alleles during gamete formation ensures that the traits maintained in the population remain constant over generations.

2. Law of Independent Assortment:
- The Law of Independent Assortment states that the alleles for different traits segregate independently of one another during gamete formation.
- This means that the inheritance of one trait does not influence the inheritance of another trait.
- The law applies to genes located on different chromosomes or genes located far apart on the same chromosome, as they undergo independent assortment during meiosis.

3. Law of Dominance:
- The Law of Dominance states that in a heterozygous individual (having two different alleles for a trait), one allele is dominant over the other, determining the appearance of the trait.
- The dominant allele is expressed, while the recessive allele remains hidden or unexpressed.
- However, the recessive allele is not lost and can reappear in future generations if both parents carry the recessive allele.

Overall, these laws of inheritance provide a framework for understanding how genetic traits are passed down from one generation to the next. They explain the patterns of inheritance observed in offspring and form the basis of modern genetics. These laws have been further expanded upon with the discovery of additional genetic concepts, such as multiple alleles, incomplete dominance, and codominance, but Mendel's laws remain fundamental to our understanding of genetics.