Explanation:

Pascal's Law states that a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid. This principle forms the basis of the hydraulic brake system used in automobiles.

Working of Hydraulic Brakes:

The hydraulic brake system consists of a master cylinder, brake lines, and brake calipers. When the brake pedal is pressed, the master cylinder forces brake fluid through the brake lines to the brake calipers, which clamps the brake pads onto the brake rotor, creating the necessary friction to slow down or stop the vehicle. The following points explain how Pascal's Law applies to the working of hydraulic brakes:

1. Master Cylinder:

The master cylinder converts the force applied to the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure. When the brake pedal is pressed, a piston in the master cylinder is pushed forward, which pressurizes the brake fluid in the cylinder.

2. Brake Lines:

The pressurized brake fluid travels through the brake lines to the brake calipers. According to Pascal's Law, the pressure applied to the fluid in the master cylinder is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid, including the brake calipers.

3. Brake Calipers:

The brake calipers contain pistons that press the brake pads onto the brake rotor. As the pressurized brake fluid enters the brake calipers, it pushes the pistons out, which in turn causes the brake pads to clamp onto the brake rotor.

4. Braking Force:

The force exerted by the brake pads onto the brake rotor creates the necessary friction to slow down or stop the vehicle. The amount of braking force is directly proportional to the pressure applied to the brake fluid in the master cylinder, as per Pascal's Law.

Conclusion:

Thus, the working of hydraulic brakes in automobiles is based on Pascal's Law, which states that a change in pressure at any point in an enclosed fluid at rest is transmitted undiminished to all points in the fluid. The hydraulic brake system uses this principle to convert the force applied to the brake pedal into hydraulic pressure, which is transmitted to the brake calipers to clamp the brake pads onto the brake rotor, creating the necessary friction to slow down or stop the vehicle.