Tapetal cells are very large cells with many nuclei. They help the pollen grains grow and develop. Tapetal cells undergo endomitosis where the nucleus in the nuclear membrane divides, but cytokinesis does not occur. Therefore they are binucleate or multinucleate.

Tapetal cells are specialized cells that provide nutrition to developing microspores in the anther of flowering plants. These cells play a crucial role in the development of pollen grains and ultimately in the reproduction of plants. In some plant species, tapetal cells are bi-nucleated, meaning they contain two nuclei within a single cell.



There are two main ways in which tapetal cells become bi-nucleated:

1. Endomitosis:
Endomitosis is a type of cell division that involves DNA replication without subsequent cell division. In tapetal cells, endomitosis leads to the formation of two nuclei within a single cell. This process is thought to occur due to the failure of cytokinesis, the final stage of cell division where the cell splits into two daughter cells.

2. Fusion of cells:
In some plant species, tapetal cells can also become bi-nucleated through the fusion of two cells. This process is known as cell fusion or plasmogamy. During plasmogamy, two cells fuse together, resulting in the formation of a bi-nucleated cell.



Bi-nucleated tapetal cells are thought to play an important role in the development of pollen grains. The two nuclei within a single cell may allow for more efficient nutrient transport to developing microspores. Additionally, bi-nucleated tapetal cells may be better able to provide structural support to the anther, which is necessary for proper pollen development.



In conclusion, tapetal cells can become bi-nucleated through two main processes: endomitosis and fusion of cells. Bi-nucleated tapetal cells may play a significant role in the development of pollen grains and ultimately in the reproduction of plants.