With reference to the history of India, ‘ulgulan’ or the great tumul...
During the last decade of the nineteenth century, the Mundas rose under Birsa Munda in a religious movement or rebellion (“ulgulan”) with an agrarian and political content. They aimed to establish a Munda rule in the land by killing thikadars, jagirdars, rajas and halcims.
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With reference to the history of India, ‘ulgulan’ or the great tumul...
The correct answer is option 'D' - Birsa Munda’s revolt of 1899-1900.
Explanation:
The term 'ulgulan' or the great tumult refers to Birsa Munda's revolt of 1899-1900 in the history of India. Birsa Munda was a tribal leader and a freedom fighter from the Munda tribe of Chotanagpur region (present-day Jharkhand).
Birsa Munda and his revolt:
1. Birsa Munda was born in 1875 in the village of Ulihatu, now located in Khunti district of Jharkhand. He belonged to the Munda tribe, which was one of the largest tribal groups in the region.
2. Birsa Munda emerged as a prominent tribal leader in the late 19th century, advocating for the rights and welfare of the indigenous people who were facing oppression and exploitation under the British colonial rule.
3. He championed the cause of land rights, cultural preservation, and religious freedom for the tribals. He called for the revival of the indigenous Sarna religion and the rejection of the British-imposed Christianity.
4. Birsa Munda's revolt began in 1899 and lasted until 1900. It was primarily focused on the tribal regions of Chotanagpur and surrounding areas.
5. The revolt was characterized by acts of resistance, including attacks on British symbols of authority such as police stations, post offices, and railway lines. The rebels also targeted British-appointed landlords who were exploiting the tribal population.
6. Birsa Munda's revolt was a significant challenge to British colonial rule in the region. The British authorities responded with a heavy-handed crackdown, using military force to suppress the rebellion.
7. Despite the eventual suppression of the revolt, Birsa Munda's legacy as a freedom fighter and a symbol of tribal resistance remains strong in Jharkhand and other tribal regions of India.
Conclusion:
The term 'ulgulan' or the great tumult refers to Birsa Munda's revolt of 1899-1900. This revolt was led by the tribal leader Birsa Munda and aimed at challenging British colonial rule and advocating for the rights and welfare of the indigenous people in the Chotanagpur region.
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