The capital of the Mauryan kingdom was located at Pataliputra. This was one of the most important cities in ancient India and served as the capital for several dynasties, including the Mauryas.

1. Importance of Pataliputra:
Pataliputra, now known as Patna, was strategically located on the banks of the River Ganges in present-day Bihar. Its location made it a hub of economic, political, and cultural activities. The city was well-connected to other parts of the kingdom through the river and road networks, making it an ideal administrative center.

2. Establishment of Pataliputra as the capital:
Pataliputra became the capital of the Mauryan kingdom during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya in the 4th century BCE. Chandragupta, with the help of his advisor Chanakya, defeated the Nanda dynasty and established the Mauryan empire. Pataliputra was chosen as the capital due to its strategic location and its proximity to the fertile Gangetic plains.

3. Features of Pataliputra:
Pataliputra was a well-planned city with organized streets, markets, and residential areas. It had magnificent palaces, gardens, and public buildings. The city was also known for its grandeur and opulence. It attracted scholars, merchants, and diplomats from various parts of the world.

4. Administrative center:
Pataliputra served as the administrative center of the Mauryan empire. It housed the royal court and the bureaucracy responsible for governing the vast empire. It was from Pataliputra that the Mauryan rulers issued their edicts and administered their empire.

5. Cultural and intellectual center:
Pataliputra was not only a political capital but also a cultural and intellectual center. It attracted scholars, artists, and philosophers who contributed to the growth of art, literature, and philosophy. The famous Sanskrit grammarian Panini and the renowned physician Charaka were associated with Pataliputra.

6. Decline of Pataliputra:
After the decline of the Mauryan empire, Pataliputra lost its prominence as the capital. It was later ruled by various dynasties such as the Guptas, Kushans, and Palas. The city witnessed several invasions and was eventually abandoned.

In conclusion, Pataliputra was chosen as the capital of the Mauryan kingdom due to its strategic location, well-developed infrastructure, and cultural significance. It served as the political, administrative, and cultural center of the Mauryan empire and played a crucial role in shaping the history of ancient India.

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