Gonadal hormones – nearly always synonymous with gonadal steroids – are hormones produced by the gonads, and include both steroid and peptide hormones. The major steroid hormones include estradiol and progesterone from the ovaries and testosterone from the testes.

The reproductive organs of human being are called Gonads.
These are testes in males and ovaries in female which secrete testosterone and estrogen respectively..

Testosterone and Estrogen as Gonadal Hormones

Testosterone and estrogen are hormones associated with the gonads, which are the reproductive organs in males and females, respectively.

- **Testosterone**:
Testosterone is the primary male sex hormone produced in the testes. It plays a crucial role in the development of male reproductive tissues, such as the testes and prostate, as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics like facial hair growth and deepening of the voice.

- **Estrogen**:
Estrogen is the primary female sex hormone produced mainly in the ovaries. It is responsible for the development of female reproductive tissues, such as the uterus and breasts, and also plays a role in regulating the menstrual cycle and supporting pregnancy.

- **Both (a) and (b)**:
While testosterone is primarily associated with male characteristics and estrogen with female characteristics, both hormones are actually present in both males and females, albeit in different concentrations. Testosterone is also found in smaller amounts in females, while estrogen is present in smaller amounts in males.

In conclusion, testosterone and estrogen are hormones associated with the gonads, with testosterone being the primary male sex hormone and estrogen being the primary female sex hormone. Both hormones play essential roles in the development and maintenance of reproductive tissues and secondary sexual characteristics in their respective genders.