(a) Nephron Structure:

The nephron is the basic functional unit of the kidney responsible for the formation of urine. It consists of the following parts:

1. Glomerulus: A network of capillaries that filter blood.

2. Bowman’s capsule: A cup-shaped structure that surrounds the glomerulus and collects the filtrate.

3. Renal artery: A blood vessel that brings blood to the kidney.

4. Collecting duct: A tube that carries urine from the nephron to the renal pelvis.

(b) Fate of Glucose in the Nephron:

Glucose is a small molecule that is filtered by the glomerulus along with other substances such as water, salts, and waste products. However, glucose is an important nutrient that the body needs to function properly. Therefore, the body tries to reabsorb as much glucose as possible back into the bloodstream.

1. Filtration: Glucose enters the nephron along with the filtrate.

2. Reabsorption: Most of the glucose is reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron. This is an active process that requires the use of energy.

3. Transport: Glucose is transported from the tubule back into the bloodstream by carrier proteins.

4. Diabetes: If the concentration of glucose in the bloodstream is too high, the carrier proteins may become saturated, and glucose may start to appear in the urine. This is a sign of diabetes and can lead to serious health problems if left untreated.

In conclusion, glucose is an important nutrient that is filtered by the glomerulus and reabsorbed in the proximal tubule of the nephron. The body tries to maintain a balance of glucose in the bloodstream, and any excess glucose is excreted in the urine.