The ratio of active power and apparent power is known as Power Factor.

The power factor is an important parameter in electrical systems as it indicates the efficiency of the power usage. It is defined as the ratio of active power (measured in watts) to apparent power (measured in volt-amperes). The power factor value ranges from 0 to 1, where 1 represents a perfect power factor and indicates that all the supplied power is being used effectively.

Explanation:

Active Power:
Active power, also known as real power or true power, is the power actually consumed by an electrical load. It is responsible for performing useful work, such as producing mechanical motion or generating heat. Active power is measured in watts (W) and is denoted by the symbol P.

Apparent Power:
Apparent power is the product of the voltage and current in an electrical circuit. It represents the total power supplied to the circuit, including both active power and reactive power. Apparent power is measured in volt-amperes (VA) and is denoted by the symbol S.

Power Factor:
The power factor is the ratio of active power to apparent power and is given by the formula:

Power Factor (PF) = Active Power (P) / Apparent Power (S)

The power factor value determines how efficiently the electrical power is being utilized. A power factor of 1 indicates that all the supplied power is being used effectively, while a power factor less than 1 indicates that there is a reactive power component in the circuit.

Importance of Power Factor:
A high power factor is desirable in electrical systems as it improves the efficiency of power usage and reduces energy wastage. It also helps in reducing the load on electrical equipment and improves their performance. A low power factor can lead to increased energy costs, voltage drops, and overheating of equipment.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, the ratio of active power to apparent power is known as the power factor. It is an important parameter in electrical systems that indicates the efficiency of power usage. A power factor of 1 represents a perfect power factor, indicating effective utilization of power.