The specific speed of a hydraulic turbine refers to a dimensionless number that characterizes the shape and performance of the turbine. It is an important parameter used in the design and selection of hydraulic turbines. The specific speed is dependent upon several factors, including speed, the power developed, and the effect head.

1. Speed:
- The speed of the hydraulic turbine is a crucial factor in determining its specific speed. It represents the rotational speed of the turbine rotor and is usually measured in revolutions per minute (RPM). The higher the speed, the higher the specific speed of the turbine.

2. Power Developed:
- The power developed by the hydraulic turbine is another significant factor in determining the specific speed. It refers to the amount of mechanical power generated by the turbine and is usually measured in watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). The greater the power developed, the higher the specific speed of the turbine.

3. Effect Head:
- The effect head is the difference in energy between the headwater and tailwater of the hydraulic turbine. It represents the available energy that can be converted into mechanical power by the turbine. The effect head is a function of the hydraulic head and the hydraulic losses in the system. The specific speed of the turbine is also influenced by the effect head. The higher the effect head, the higher the specific speed of the turbine.

In summary, the specific speed of a hydraulic turbine is dependent upon the speed, power developed, and effect head. These factors collectively characterize the performance and design of the turbine. By considering these parameters, engineers and designers can select the most suitable turbine for a given application, ensuring optimal efficiency and performance.