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In Sri lanka, after independence, the leaders of Sinhala community in order to establish Sinhala supremacy adopted series of
  • a)
    Majoritarian measures
  • b)
    Minoritarian measures
  • c)
    Neutral measures
  • d)
    Racial measures
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of Majoritarian measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. 
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Majoritarian measures

After gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1948, Sri Lanka faced numerous challenges in terms of creating a united and inclusive nation. However, instead of adopting measures that would promote equality and harmony among different communities, the leaders of the Sinhala community chose to establish Sinhala supremacy through majoritarian measures. These measures were aimed at consolidating the power and privileges of the Sinhalese majority, often at the expense of minority communities, particularly the Tamils.

Language policy

One of the majoritarian measures adopted was the implementation of a language policy that favored the Sinhala language over Tamil. The Sinhala Only Act of 1956 made Sinhala the sole official language of the country, effectively marginalizing the Tamil-speaking minority. This policy created significant barriers for Tamils in accessing education, employment, and government services, as they were not proficient in the official language.

Education policies

The government also introduced education policies that disadvantaged minority communities. The standardization policy implemented in the 1970s and 1980s set higher entry requirements for university admissions for Tamil students compared to Sinhala students. This policy created a significant disparity in access to higher education and limited opportunities for Tamil students to pursue higher studies.

Land policies

Land policies were another majoritarian measure used to establish Sinhala supremacy. The government implemented colonization schemes, particularly in the Northern and Eastern provinces, where Tamil communities were predominant. These schemes involved settling Sinhalese families in traditionally Tamil areas, leading to the displacement of Tamil communities and altering the demographic balance in favor of the Sinhalese.

Religious policies

Religious policies were also used to promote Sinhala supremacy. The government provided preferential treatment to Buddhism, which is practiced by the majority Sinhalese community, while neglecting the rights and privileges of other religious groups, such as Hindus, Muslims, and Christians. This created a sense of marginalization and discrimination among minority religious communities.

Overall, the majoritarian measures adopted by the leaders of the Sinhala community after Sri Lanka's independence contributed to the marginalization and oppression of minority communities, particularly the Tamils. These measures not only undermined the principles of equality and inclusivity but also fueled ethnic tensions and conflicts within the country. It is important for a nation to embrace policies that promote unity, diversity, and equal rights for all its citizens, rather than favoring one community over others.
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Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (stat e) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a CIVIL WAR. As a result, thousands of people of both the communities were killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.Q. Which is the official language of Sri Lanka?

Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (stat e) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. . As a result, thousands of people of both the communities were killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a CIVIL WAR. Sri Lanka’s population is comprised of 75 percent Sinhalese and 24 percent Tamil speakers (11% Sri Lankan Tamils, 9% Moors, and 4% Indian Tamils), with smaller communities of Malays, Burghers, and others. The Sri Lankan civil war, which ended in 2009, was triggered in part by the introduction of language policies that created divisions along ethnic and linguistic lines.What were the majoritarian measures adopted by the democratically elected government in Sri Lanka in the 1950s and how did they contribute to the strained relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities?

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (stat e) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a CIVIL WAR. As a result, thousands of people of both the communities were killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.Q. What is the prudential reason behind Power Sharing?

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:Sri Lanka emerged as an independent country in 1948. The leaders of the Sinhala community sought to secure dominance over government by virtue of their majority. As a result, the democratically elected government adopted a series of MAJORITARIAN measures to establish Sinhala supremacy. In 1956, an Act was passed to recognise Sinhala as the only official language, thus disregarding Tamil. The governments followed preferential policies that favoured Sinhala applicants for university positions and government jobs. A new constitution stipulated that the state shall protect and foster Buddhism. All these government measures coming one after the other, gradually increased the feeling of alienation among the Sri Lankan Tamils. They felt that none of the major political parties led by the Buddhist Sinhala leaders was sensitive to their language and culture. They felt that the constitution and government policies denied them equal political rights, discriminated against them in getting jobs and other opportunities and ignored their interests. As a result, the relations between the Sinhala and Tamil communities strained over time. The Sri Lankan Tamils launched parties and struggles for the recognition of Tamil as an official language, for regional autonomy and equality of opportunity in securing education and jobs. But their demand for more autonomy to provinces populated by the Tamils was repeatedly denied. By 1980s several political organisations were formed demanding an independent Tamil Eelam (stat e) in northern and eastern parts of Sri Lanka. The distrust between the two communities turned into widespread conflict. It soon turned into a CIVIL WAR. As a result, thousands of people of both the communities were killed. Many families were forced to leave the country as refugees and many more lost their livelihoods.Q. The process of dominance over the government by virtue of majority is seen in which country?

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In Sri lanka, after independence, the leaders of Sinhala community in order to establish Sinhala supremacy adopted series ofa) Majoritarian measuresb) Minoritarian measuresc) Neutral measuresd) Racial measuresCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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