Majoritarian measures

After gaining independence from British colonial rule in 1948, Sri Lanka faced numerous challenges in terms of creating a united and inclusive nation. However, instead of adopting measures that would promote equality and harmony among different communities, the leaders of the Sinhala community chose to establish Sinhala supremacy through majoritarian measures. These measures were aimed at consolidating the power and privileges of the Sinhalese majority, often at the expense of minority communities, particularly the Tamils.

Language policy

One of the majoritarian measures adopted was the implementation of a language policy that favored the Sinhala language over Tamil. The Sinhala Only Act of 1956 made Sinhala the sole official language of the country, effectively marginalizing the Tamil-speaking minority. This policy created significant barriers for Tamils in accessing education, employment, and government services, as they were not proficient in the official language.

Education policies

The government also introduced education policies that disadvantaged minority communities. The standardization policy implemented in the 1970s and 1980s set higher entry requirements for university admissions for Tamil students compared to Sinhala students. This policy created a significant disparity in access to higher education and limited opportunities for Tamil students to pursue higher studies.

Land policies

Land policies were another majoritarian measure used to establish Sinhala supremacy. The government implemented colonization schemes, particularly in the Northern and Eastern provinces, where Tamil communities were predominant. These schemes involved settling Sinhalese families in traditionally Tamil areas, leading to the displacement of Tamil communities and altering the demographic balance in favor of the Sinhalese.

Religious policies

Religious policies were also used to promote Sinhala supremacy. The government provided preferential treatment to Buddhism, which is practiced by the majority Sinhalese community, while neglecting the rights and privileges of other religious groups, such as Hindus, Muslims, and Christians. This created a sense of marginalization and discrimination among minority religious communities.

Overall, the majoritarian measures adopted by the leaders of the Sinhala community after Sri Lanka's independence contributed to the marginalization and oppression of minority communities, particularly the Tamils. These measures not only undermined the principles of equality and inclusivity but also fueled ethnic tensions and conflicts within the country. It is important for a nation to embrace policies that promote unity, diversity, and equal rights for all its citizens, rather than favoring one community over others.