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In a federal state
  • a)
    States are more powerful than the Centre
  • b)
    The centre is more powerful than States
  • c)
    A Presidential form of government functions.
  • d)
    Constitution affects the division of powers between the Centre and States with safeguards against transgression of jurisdiction.
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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In a federal statea)States are more powerful than the Centreb)The cent...
A federal state is one where the power vests with the Center and state as per the constitutional arrangement and the exercise of those powers are limited by the constitution to be contained within the area of jurisdiction so defined.
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In a federal statea)States are more powerful than the Centreb)The cent...
States are more powerful than the Centre:
In a federal state, such as India, States are more powerful than the Centre in certain aspects. Each state has its own government, constitution, and jurisdiction over specific matters. States have the authority to make laws on subjects listed in the State List of the Constitution, without interference from the Centre. This decentralization of power allows States to address local issues effectively and efficiently.

The Constitution affects the division of powers:
The Constitution of a federal state like India clearly defines the division of powers between the Centre and States. The Seventh Schedule of the Indian Constitution categorizes subjects into three lists - Union List, State List, and Concurrent List. The Union List consists of subjects on which only the Centre can legislate, the State List consists of subjects on which only States can legislate, and the Concurrent List consists of subjects on which both can legislate.

Safeguards against transgression of jurisdiction:
To prevent any transgression of jurisdiction, the Indian Constitution provides for certain safeguards. The Constitution clearly outlines the powers of the Centre and States, ensuring that each level of government operates within its designated sphere. In case of a dispute regarding the division of powers, the Constitution provides for mechanisms such as the Supreme Court to interpret and resolve such disputes. This helps maintain the delicate balance of power in a federal system.
In conclusion, in a federal state like India, States are more powerful than the Centre in certain aspects, as outlined in the Constitution. The division of powers between the Centre and States is carefully delineated, with safeguards in place to prevent any overreach of jurisdiction.
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Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.Q. What was the first and major test for democratic Politics in our country?

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.Q. A candidate in an examination conducted for the central government positions has to opt for which language?

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.Q. How many languages are included in the Eighth Schedule of the Indian Constitution?

Read the given extract and answer the questions that follows:A second test for Indian federation is the language policy. Our Constitution did not give the status of national language to any one language. Hindi was identified as the official language. But Hindi is the mother tongue of only about 40 percent of Indians. Therefore, there were many safeguards to protect other languages. Besides Hindi, there are 21 other languages recognised as Scheduled Languages by the Constitution. A candidate in an examination conducted for the Central Government positions may opt to take the examination in any of these languages. States too have their own official languages. Much of the government work takes place in the official language of the concerned State. Unlike Sri Lanka, the leaders of our country adopted a very cautious attitude in spreading the use of Hindi. According to the Constitution, the use of English for official purposes was stopped in 1965. However, many non- Hindi speaking States demanded that the use of English should continue. In Tamil Nadu, this movement took a violent form. The Central Government responded by agreeing to continue the use of English along with Hindi for official purposes. Many critics think that this solution favoured the English-speaking elites. Promotion of Hindi continues to be the official policy of the Government of India. Promotion does not mean that the Central Government can impose Hindi on States where people speak a different language. The flexibility shown by Indian political leaders helped our country avoid the kind of situation that Sri Lanka finds itself in.Q. Which non- Hindi speaking State demanded that the use of English should continue after 1965?

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In a federal statea)States are more powerful than the Centreb)The centre is more powerful than Statesc)A Presidential form of government functions.d)Constitution affects the division of powers between the Centre and States with safeguards against transgression of jurisdiction.Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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