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The minor loss due to sudden contraction is due to:
  • a)
    Flow contraction
  • b)
    Expansion of flow after sudden contraction
  • c)
    Cavitations
  • d)
    Boundary friction
Correct answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
The minor loss due to sudden contraction is due to:a)Flow contraction...
The minor loss due to sudden contraction is due to expansion of flow after sudden contraction.
Hence the correct answer is option B.
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Most Upvoted Answer
The minor loss due to sudden contraction is due to:a)Flow contraction...
Explanation:

The minor loss due to sudden contraction is the energy loss that occurs when a fluid flow passes through a sudden contraction in a pipe or channel. This energy loss is primarily caused by the expansion of flow after the sudden contraction.

Flow Contraction:
When a fluid flow passes through a sudden contraction, the flow area decreases abruptly. This causes the fluid velocity to increase in order to maintain the continuity of flow. As a result, the flow accelerates and undergoes a contraction.

Expansion of Flow:
After the flow passes through the contraction, it expands to fill the larger downstream area. This expansion causes the fluid velocity to decrease. The decrease in velocity leads to a drop in kinetic energy, which is converted into pressure energy. This pressure energy is dissipated as minor losses.

Cavitation:
Cavitation is the formation and collapse of vapor bubbles in a fluid flow. It can occur when the fluid velocity is very high, causing the local pressure to drop below the vapor pressure of the fluid. However, cavitation is not directly related to the minor losses due to sudden contraction. It is a separate phenomenon that can occur in various flow conditions.

Boundary Friction:
Boundary friction refers to the resistance encountered by a fluid flow due to the interaction between the fluid and the walls of the pipe or channel. While boundary friction does contribute to overall energy losses in a fluid flow, it is not specifically related to the minor losses due to sudden contraction.

Conclusion:
The correct answer is option B - Expansion of flow after sudden contraction. This is because the energy loss in sudden contraction primarily occurs due to the expansion of flow after the contraction, causing a decrease in fluid velocity and conversion of kinetic energy into pressure energy.
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Directions (76-80): You have a passage with five questions following.Passage IAs financial markets worldwide tumbled over concerns that Greece would default on its debt to the troika comprising the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the people of Greece were being presented with a Hobsons choice by its government led by the leftist party platform, Syriza. In the midst of intense negotiations with representatives of the troika over rolling over debt payments, the Syriza government sought to extend the deadline for payments in order to allow it to put the conditionalities of the troika for a bailout extension to a referendum vote. Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras has denied that this referendum, scheduled for July 5, is on whether or not to continue within the eurozone; he says it is only on the acceptance of the troikas demands. But with the troika unrelenting on the June 30 deadline for repayment of debts to the IMF, and Greece being in no position to pay, the referendum could more or less be on remaining in the eurozone. This presents a difficult choice for the people of Greece. After all, the Syriza was voted to power in January 2015 precisely on the promise of halting the programme of austerity imposed by creditors that has resulted in a drastic contraction of Greeces economy and increase in unemployment. Yet, the mandate was also for negotiations to remain within the eurozone as Greek voters had realised that the Grexit would mean too much pain (at least in the near term) due to capital flight, a run on the banks and other troubles in returning to the drachma as currency. Over the past five months, Syriza representatives, true to their mandate, have sought to alter Greeces terms of engagement with its creditors, seeking debt relief that would allow fiscal expansionary policies to spur the economy. Yet, the troikas response has been to stonewall the proposals and instead push Greece to further the austerity measures it has pursued following the first major bailout in 2010 and another in 2012. The troikas reasoning is simple: tolerating a Greek default would amount to sending signals to other creditor-nationsabout similar leniency. Instead, the troika has merely offered a five-month extension of Greeces bailout programme with fresh funds but with persisting austerity conditions. With barely a concession to the Greek position, there remains a wide gap between the Greek peoples expectations and the EU recommendations. With Greece already having to impose capital controls and bank holidays to avoid further capital flight measures that were supposed to be taken in the event of an exit from the EU it begs the question whether the Grexit is inevitable.Q. Choose an appropriate title for the passage.

Passage IAs financial markets worldwide tumbled over concerns that Greece would default on its debt to the troika comprising the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, the people of Greece were being presented with a Hobsons choice by its government led by the leftist party platform, Syriza. In the midst of intense negotiations with representatives of the troika over rolling over debt payments, the Syriza government sought to extend the deadline for payments in order to allow it to put the conditionalities of the troika for a bailout extension to a referendum vote. Prime Minister Alexis Tsipras has denied that this referendum, scheduled for July 5, is on whether or not to continue within the eurozone; he says it is only on the acceptance of the troikas demands. But with the troika unrelenting on the June 30 deadline for repayment of debts to the IMF, and Greece being in no position to pay, the referendum could more or less be on remaining in the eurozone. This presents a difficult choice for the people of Greece. After all, the Syriza was voted to power in January 2015 precisely on the promise of halting the programme of austerity imposed by creditors that has resulted in a drastic contraction of Greeces economy and increase in unemployment. Yet, the mandate was also for negotiations to remain within the eurozone as Greek voters had realised that the Grexit would mean too much pain (at least in the near term) due to capital flight, a run on the banks and other troubles in returning to the drachma as currency. Over the past five months, Syriza representatives, true to their mandate, have sought to alter Greeces terms of engagement with its creditors, seeking debt relief that would allow fiscal expansionary policies to spur the economy. Yet, the troikas response has been to stonewall the proposals and instead push Greece to further the austerity measures it has pursued following the first major bailout in 2010 and another in 2012. The troikas reasoning is simple: tolerating a Greek default would amount to sending signals to other creditor-nationsabout similar leniency. Instead, the troika has merely offered a five-month extension of Greeces bailout programme with fresh funds but with persisting austerity conditions. With barely a concession to the Greek position, there remains a wide gap between the Greek peoples expectations and the EU recommendations. With Greece already having to impose capital controls and bank holidays to avoid further capital flight measures that were supposed to be taken in the event of an exit from the EU it begs the question whether the Grexit is inevitable.Q.Which of the following can be true according to the passage?(

The minor loss due to sudden contraction is due to:a)Flow contractionb)Expansion of flow after sudden contractionc)Cavitationsd)Boundary frictionCorrect answer is option 'B'. Can you explain this answer?
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