At which stage of meiosis does the genetic constitution of gametes is finally decided? (1) Metaphase-I (2) Anaphase-II (3) Metaphase-II (4) Anaphase-I?

Question

Answer

Option (2) Anaphase-II is the answer. Because specifically chromatids separate in Anaphase-II. Because which chromatids contains which genes make the specific genetic constitution.

Answer

Option 4 as meiotic type of division is completed at first stage then 2nd division it follows mitotic pathway

Answer

The Genetic Constitution of Gametes in Meiosis

In meiosis, the genetic constitution of gametes is finally decided during the process of anaphase I. This is the stage where the homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

Overview of Meiosis
Meiosis is a specialized form of cell division that occurs in sexually reproducing organisms. It involves two rounds of division, known as meiosis I and meiosis II, resulting in the formation of four haploid daughter cells called gametes. Meiosis I is referred to as the reduction division as it reduces the chromosome number by half, while meiosis II is similar to mitosis and results in the separation of sister chromatids.

Explanation of the Different Stages of Meiosis

1. Prophase I: This is the longest phase of meiosis, characterized by the condensation of chromosomes, formation of the spindle apparatus, and the pairing of homologous chromosomes in a process called synapsis. During synapsis, homologous chromosomes exchange genetic material through a process called crossing over, leading to genetic recombination.

2. Metaphase I: During this stage, the paired homologous chromosomes align at the metaphase plate, a plane equidistant from the two poles of the cell. The spindle fibers attach to the kinetochores of the chromosomes, ensuring proper alignment.

3. Anaphase I: In anaphase I, the homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell. This separation is facilitated by the shortening of the spindle fibers. Each pole will receive one member of each homologous pair, ensuring the random distribution of genetic material.

4. Telophase I: During telophase I, the chromosomes arrive at the poles of the cell and decondense. The nuclear envelope may re-form, and cytokinesis occurs, resulting in the formation of two haploid daughter cells.

5. Meiosis II: Meiosis II is similar to mitosis and involves the separation of sister chromatids. It consists of four stages: prophase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II. The end result is the production of four haploid daughter cells, each with half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell.

Conclusion
In conclusion, the genetic constitution of gametes is finally decided during anaphase I of meiosis. This is the stage where homologous chromosomes separate and are pulled to opposite poles of the cell. The separation of homologous chromosomes ensures the random distribution of genetic material, leading to the formation of genetically diverse gametes.

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