Reasons for the Birsa movement:

The Birsa movement, also known as the Ulgulan movement, was a tribal uprising that took place in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in the region of modern-day Jharkhand, India. It was led by the charismatic tribal leader Birsa Munda, who fought against the oppressive policies and exploitative practices of the British colonial administration and other dominant groups. The movement had various reasons behind its emergence, and the incorrect option among the given choices is:

Incorrect option: c) Forceful recruitment in the army

Reasons for the Birsa movement:

a) Land policies of Britishers:
- The British colonial administration implemented a series of land policies that deprived the tribal communities of their traditional lands.
- Forests were declared as reserved forests, restricting tribal access to natural resources and disrupting their traditional way of life.
- The introduction of zamindari (landlord) system further marginalized the tribal communities, as they were forced to pay exorbitant rents to the landlords.

b) Suppressions by moneylenders:
- Moneylenders exploited the tribal communities by charging high interest rates on loans, leading to indebtedness and perpetuating a cycle of poverty.
- The tribals were often forced to mortgage their lands and resources to the moneylenders, further depriving them of their economic independence.

c) Forceful recruitment in the army:
- This option is incorrect as the Birsa movement was not primarily driven by forceful recruitment in the army.
- While forced recruitment did occur in some instances, it was not a major factor that triggered the movement.

d) Activities of missionaries:
- The activities of Christian missionaries in the tribal areas were seen as a threat to the traditional belief systems and cultural practices of the tribals.
- The missionaries often tried to convert the tribals to Christianity, eroding their indigenous identity.
- This led to a backlash from the tribal communities, who saw the missionaries as agents of cultural assimilation and oppression.

In conclusion, the correct option among the given choices is c) Forceful recruitment in the army. The Birsa movement was primarily driven by the oppressive land policies of the Britishers, the exploitative practices of moneylenders, and the activities of missionaries.