Noun

the dried white part of a coconut

नारियल का सूखा-सफ़ेद अंश; खोपरा, गरी






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The Consumer Protection Act, 1986 (COPRA) was an Act of the Parliament of India enacted in 1986 to protect the interests of consumers in India. It was replaced by the Consumer Protection Act, 2019. It was made for the establishment of consumer councils and other authorities for the settlement of consumer's grievances and matters connected there with it. The act was passed in Assembly in October 1986 and came into force on December 24, 1986. The statute on the right was made before this COPRA act.


Consumer Protection Act, 1986Parliamentary of India

Long title

An Act to provide for better protection of the interests o

CitationAct No. 68 of 1986Enacted byParliamentary of IndiaCommenced24 December 1986Repealed byConsumer Protection Act, 2019Status: Repealed.






This Act is regarded as the 'Magna Carta' in the field of consumer protection for checking unfair trade practices, ‘defects in goods’ and ‘deficiencies in services’ as far as India is concerned. It has led to the establishment of a widespread network of consumer forums and appellate courts all over India. It has significantly impacted how businesses approach consumer complaints and have empowered consumers to a greater extent.[1]

The Consumer Online Privacy Rights Act (COPRA) is a proposed federal legislation in the United States that aims to enhance consumer privacy protections for online activities. It was introduced in 2019 and is designed to give individuals more control over their personal data and hold companies accountable for their data practices.

**Key Provisions of COPRA:**

1. **Expanded Consumer Rights:** COPRA provides consumers with a range of rights to protect their online privacy. It grants individuals the right to access, correct, delete, and transfer their personal information held by companies.

2. **Explicit Consent:** The act requires companies to obtain explicit consent from consumers before collecting, using, or sharing their personal data. This means that companies must clearly explain how they intend to use the data and obtain consent from individuals for each specific purpose.

3. **Transparency Requirements:** COPRA imposes transparency obligations on companies, requiring them to provide clear and easily understandable privacy policies. Companies must disclose the types of personal information collected, the purposes for which it will be used, and any third parties with whom it will be shared.

4. **Sensitive Data Protection:** The act recognizes certain categories of sensitive personal information, such as health, financial, and geolocation data, and imposes stricter requirements for their collection, use, and disclosure. Companies must obtain explicit consent for processing sensitive data and implement robust security measures to protect it.

5. **Enforcement and Penalties:** COPRA empowers the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to enforce the legislation and impose penalties on non-compliant companies. The FTC can conduct investigations, bring enforcement actions, and issue fines for violations of consumer privacy rights.

6. **Enhanced Data Security:** The act requires companies to implement reasonable data security practices to safeguard personal information from unauthorized access, use, or disclosure. This includes measures such as encryption, access controls, and regular security assessments.

**Importance of COPRA:**

COPRA is crucial for addressing the growing concerns surrounding consumer privacy in the digital age. It aims to establish a comprehensive framework that protects individuals' personal data and ensures transparency and accountability from companies. By granting consumers greater control over their data and imposing stricter responsibilities on companies, COPRA aims to foster trust between individuals and businesses operating in the online space.

The act also emphasizes the significance of informed consent and the protection of sensitive data, acknowledging the potential risks associated with their misuse. COPRA's enforcement mechanisms and penalties act as deterrents for companies engaging in non-compliant data practices, thereby promoting a culture of responsible data handling.

In conclusion, the Consumer Online Privacy Rights Act (COPRA) is a proposed federal legislation that seeks to strengthen consumer privacy protections in the United States. It introduces several provisions to enhance consumer rights, transparency, and data security, while also establishing enforcement mechanisms to hold companies accountable. The act aims to strike a balance between individual privacy rights and responsible data practices in the digital era.