The correct answer is option 'C' - French.

Explanation:
The French were the last Europeans to arrive in pre-independence India as traders. Here is a detailed explanation:

1. Portuguese:
The Portuguese were the first Europeans to come to India as traders. They arrived in 1498 under the leadership of Vasco da Gama. The Portuguese established trading posts along the Indian coastline, including Calicut, Goa, and Diu.

2. Dutch:
The Dutch East India Company, also known as the VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie), arrived in India in the early 17th century. They established their presence in various regions such as Surat, Coromandel Coast, and Bengal. However, due to conflicts with the British and other factors, the Dutch gradually lost their influence in India.

3. English:
The English East India Company arrived in India in 1600 and established their first trading post in Surat. Over time, they expanded their presence and influence, establishing numerous trading posts and fortifications across India. They played a significant role in the development of British colonialism in India.

4. French:
The French East India Company, known as the Compagnie des Indes Orientales, arrived in India in the late 17th century. Initially, they established trading posts in Surat and other coastal regions. However, their significant presence in India began with the establishment of Pondicherry in 1674.

- The French established a strong trading network and developed alliances with local Indian rulers. They also engaged in territorial expansion, acquiring several territories such as Chandernagore, Yanam, and Mahe.
- The French colonization in India reached its peak in the 18th century, with significant influence in South India, particularly in the Carnatic region.
- However, the French influence started to decline with the defeat in the Battle of Wandiwash in 1760 and subsequent conflicts with the British. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 further weakened the French position in India.
- Eventually, the French lost most of their territories to the British, and their presence as traders in pre-independence India diminished.

In conclusion, the French were the last Europeans to come to pre-independence India as traders. Their presence and influence in India lasted until the 18th century but declined significantly due to conflicts with the British and territorial losses.

Portuguese