Debris avalanche and landslides occur very frequently in the Himalayas...
Explanation:
Debris avalanches and landslides are common occurrences in the Himalayas due to certain geological and topographical characteristics. Let's analyze each statement to understand why option B is the correct answer:
Statement 1: The Himalayas are tectonically stable.
This statement is incorrect. The Himalayas are formed as a result of the collision between the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, which is an ongoing process. The collision leads to intense tectonic activity, including earthquakes and upliftment of the mountain range. This tectonic activity causes instability in the region, making it prone to landslides and debris avalanches.
Statement 2: They are mostly made up of sedimentary rocks and unconsolidated rocks.
This statement is correct. The Himalayas are composed of a wide variety of rocks, including sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous rocks. However, sedimentary rocks are more prevalent in the region. Sedimentary rocks are formed from the deposition and compaction of sediments over time. These rocks are often less resistant to weathering and erosion, making them more prone to landslides and debris avalanches.
Statement 3: Slopes are very steep in the Himalayas.
This statement is correct. The Himalayas are characterized by extremely steep slopes, often with a gradient of more than 30 degrees. Steep slopes increase the gravitational force acting on the rocks and make them more prone to sliding. In addition, the steep terrain and high relief of the Himalayas result in rapid erosion and weathering, further contributing to the occurrence of landslides and debris avalanches.
Conclusion:
Based on the analysis of each statement, option B is the correct answer. The tectonic activity, presence of sedimentary rocks, and steep slopes in the Himalayas make the region highly susceptible to debris avalanches and landslides.