**Fragmentation** is a type of asexual reproduction in which an organism is divided into two or more parts, each of which can develop into a new individual. This process is commonly observed in many organisms, particularly in certain groups.

The correct answer to the question is **option C**: Fungi, Filamentous algae, Protonema of Mosses.

**Fungi**: Many fungi reproduce asexually through fragmentation. Fungal mycelium, which is the vegetative part of a fungus, can break apart into smaller fragments. Each fragment has the potential to grow and develop into a new fungus. Examples of fungi that reproduce by fragmentation include bread mold (Rhizopus) and certain types of mushrooms.

**Filamentous algae**: Filamentous algae are a type of algae that have long, thread-like structures called filaments. These filaments can break apart into smaller fragments, which can then grow and develop into new individuals. This is a common method of reproduction in filamentous algae, allowing them to colonize new areas and expand their population.

**Protonema of Mosses**: Mosses have a unique life cycle that involves alternating between a haploid gametophyte stage and a diploid sporophyte stage. During the gametophyte stage, mosses produce a structure called a protonema. The protonema is a mass of green, branched filaments that can fragment and give rise to new moss plants. These fragments can grow independently and develop into new gametophytes.

In contrast, the other options do not consist entirely of organisms that multiply by fragmentation:

- **Option A**: Earthworms reproduce sexually, and amoebas reproduce by binary fission, not fragmentation.
- **Option B**: Earthworms reproduce sexually, and bacteria reproduce by binary fission, not fragmentation.
- **Option D**: Amoebas reproduce by binary fission, hydra reproduce sexually or by budding, and bacteria reproduce by binary fission, not fragmentation.

Reason