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Water that rises to the surface as a result of Ocean Upwelling is typically
  • a)
    Colder and poor in nutrients
  • b)
    Warmer and poor in nutrients
  • c)
    Colder and rich in nutrients
  • d)
    Warmer and rich in nutrients
Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
Water that rises to the surface as a result of Ocean Upwelling is typ...
  • Winds blowing across the ocean surface push water away. Water then rises from beneath the surface to replace the water that was pushed away. This process is known as ‘upwelling’. Upwelling occurs in the open ocean and along coastlines.
  • Water that rises to the surface as a result of upwelling is typically colder and is rich in nutrients. These nutrients ‘fertilise’ surface waters, meaning that these surface waters often have high biological productivity. Therefore, good fishing grounds typically are found where upwelling is common.
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Most Upvoted Answer
Water that rises to the surface as a result of Ocean Upwelling is typ...
Water that rises to the surface as a result of ocean upwelling is typically colder and rich in nutrients. Upwelling is a phenomenon in which deep, cold, nutrient-rich water rises to the surface of the ocean. This process occurs when wind-driven surface currents and the Earth's rotation cause surface waters to move away from the coastline, allowing colder, deeper waters to rise to the surface.

Colder Water:
- Upwelled water is usually colder because it originates from deeper parts of the ocean where temperatures are lower. As the deep water rises to the surface, it brings the colder temperatures with it. This cold water can have a significant impact on the local climate, cooling the air above it and influencing weather patterns.

Rich in Nutrients:
- The deep waters that upwell to the surface are rich in nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus. These nutrients come from decaying organic matter and other sources, and they are essential for the growth of marine plants and algae, which form the base of the ocean food chain. The upwelled water carries these nutrients towards the surface, providing a fertile environment for the growth of phytoplankton.

Importance of Upwelling:
- Upwelling is a crucial process in the ocean ecosystem as it brings nutrients from the deep ocean to the surface, where they can support the growth of phytoplankton. Phytoplankton serves as the primary food source for many marine organisms, including small fish, zooplankton, and other filter-feeding organisms.
- The increased availability of nutrients leads to a higher productivity of marine life in areas experiencing upwelling. These productive regions attract larger fish and marine mammals, creating important feeding grounds and supporting the livelihoods of fishing communities.
- Upwelling also plays a role in the global carbon cycle. Phytoplankton absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) through photosynthesis, reducing the amount of this greenhouse gas in the atmosphere. When the phytoplankton dies, some of the carbon is transported to the deep ocean, where it can be stored for long periods, helping to mitigate climate change.

In conclusion, water that rises to the surface as a result of ocean upwelling is colder and rich in nutrients. This process is essential for supporting the marine food web, promoting biodiversity, and influencing local climate patterns.
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Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.What is/are the characteristics of a water body with cultural eutrophication?1. Loss of ecosystem services2. Loss of flora and fauna3. Loss of mineral nutrients

Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.According to the passage, what are the effects of indiscriminate use of fertilizers?1. Addition of pollutants to the soil and water.2. Destruction decomposer of microorganisms in soil.3. Nutrient enrichment of water bodies.4. Creation of algal blooms.

Directions for the following 7 (seven) items: Read the following two passages and answer the items that follow each passage. Your answers to these items should be based on the passages only.Passage -1The law in many parts of the world increasingly restricts the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses. The simplest and often the most economically sound practice returns the material to the land as semisolid manure or as sprayed slurry. This dilutes its concentration in the environment to what might have occurred III a more primitive and sustainable type of agriculture and converts pollutant into fertilizer. Soil microorganisms decompose the organic components of sewage and slurry and most of the mineral nutrients become available to be absorbed again by the vegetation.The excess input of nutrients, both nitrogen and phosphorus - based, from agricultural runoff (and human sewag e) has caused many healthy oligotrophic lakes (low nutrient concentrations, low plant productivity with abundant water weeds, and clear water) to change to eutrophic condition where high nutrient inputs lead to high phytoplankton productivity (sometimes dominated by bloomforming toxic species). This makes the water turbid, eliminates large plants and, in the worst situations, leads to anoxia and fish kills; so called cultural eutrophication. Thus, important ecosystem services are lost, including the provisioning service of wild-caught fish and the cultural services associated with recreation.The process of cultural eutrophication of lakes has been understood for some time. But only recently did scientists notice huge dead zones in the oceans near river outlets, particularly those draining large catchment areas such as the Mississippi in North America and the Yangtze in China. The nutrient-enriched water flows through streams, rivers and lakes, and eventually to the estuary and ocean where the ecological impact may be huge, killing virtually all invertebrates and fish in areas up to 70,000 km2 in extent. More than 150 sea areas worldwide are now regularly starved of oxygen as a result of decomposition of algal blooms, fuelled particularly by nitrogen from agricultural runoff of fertilizers and sewage from large cities. Oceanic dead zones are typically associated withindustrialized nations and usually lie off- countries that subsidize their agriculture, encouraging farmers to increase productivity and use more fertilizer.Q.According to the passage, why should the discharge of agricultural slurry into watercourses be restricted?1. Losing nutrients in this way is not a good practice economically.2. Watercourses do not contain the microorganisms that can decompose organic components of agricultural slurry.3. The discharge may lead to the eutrophication of water bodies.

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Water that rises to the surface as a result of Ocean Upwelling is typically a) Colder and poor in nutrientsb) Warmer and poor in nutrientsc) Colder and rich in nutrientsd) Warmer and rich in nutrientsCorrect answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?
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