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Assume that a sliding window protocol is designed for a 1Mbps point to point link to destination, which has a one-way latency of 1.25 sec. Assuming that each frame carries 1 kB of data, what is the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number?
- a)9
- b)18
- c)3
- d)27
Correct answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?
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Verified Answer
Assume that a sliding window protocol is designed for a 1Mbps point to...
Tp = 1.25 sec
Tt = Data/Bandwidth = 1024 x 8 / 106 = 8.192 ms
window size should be = 1 + 2a, for having maximum efficiency = 306.17
So, number of bits for sequence number = log2(306.17) = 9 bits
Most Upvoted Answer
Assume that a sliding window protocol is designed for a 1Mbps point to...
Sliding Window Protocol
The sliding window protocol is used for reliable data transfer over a network. It allows multiple frames to be sent without waiting for an acknowledgment for each frame.
Given Information:
- Link speed: 1 Mbps
- One-way latency: 1.25 sec
- Frame size: 1 kB
Calculating the Minimum Number of Bits for Sequence Number:
To determine the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number, we need to consider the link speed and the round-trip time (RTT) of the network.
Link Speed:
The link speed is given as 1 Mbps. To calculate the time required to transmit one frame, we can use the formula:
Time = (Frame Size) / (Link Speed)
Frame Size:
The frame size is given as 1 kB. Since 1 byte = 8 bits and 1 kB = 1024 bytes, the frame size in bits is:
Frame Size = (1 kB) * (8 bits/byte) = 8192 bits
Transmission Time:
Using the formula, the transmission time for one frame is:
Transmission Time = (8192 bits) / (1 Mbps) = 8192 μs
Round-Trip Time (RTT):
The round-trip time is the time taken for a signal to travel from the source to the destination and back. The given one-way latency is 1.25 sec. Therefore, the round-trip time is:
RTT = 2 * (One-way Latency) = 2 * 1.25 sec = 2.5 sec
Calculating the Required Sequence Number:
The sequence number is used to uniquely identify each frame in the sliding window protocol. It needs to be large enough to accommodate the maximum number of frames that can be transmitted during the RTT.
Number of Frames:
The number of frames that can be transmitted during the RTT can be calculated by dividing the RTT by the transmission time of one frame:
Number of Frames = RTT / Transmission Time
Minimum Number of Bits:
To represent the number of frames, we need to find the minimum number of bits required. This can be calculated using the formula:
Minimum Number of Bits = ceil(log2(Number of Frames))
Substituting Values:
Substituting the values into the formulas:
Number of Frames = (2.5 sec) / (8192 μs) = 305.18
Minimum Number of Bits = ceil(log2(305.18)) = ceil(8.25) = 9
Therefore, the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number is 9 bits.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is option 'A' - 9 bits. This is calculated by considering the link speed, frame size, and round-trip time of the network. The sequence number needs to be large enough to accommodate the maximum number of frames transmitted during the round-trip time.
The sliding window protocol is used for reliable data transfer over a network. It allows multiple frames to be sent without waiting for an acknowledgment for each frame.
Given Information:
- Link speed: 1 Mbps
- One-way latency: 1.25 sec
- Frame size: 1 kB
Calculating the Minimum Number of Bits for Sequence Number:
To determine the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number, we need to consider the link speed and the round-trip time (RTT) of the network.
Link Speed:
The link speed is given as 1 Mbps. To calculate the time required to transmit one frame, we can use the formula:
Time = (Frame Size) / (Link Speed)
Frame Size:
The frame size is given as 1 kB. Since 1 byte = 8 bits and 1 kB = 1024 bytes, the frame size in bits is:
Frame Size = (1 kB) * (8 bits/byte) = 8192 bits
Transmission Time:
Using the formula, the transmission time for one frame is:
Transmission Time = (8192 bits) / (1 Mbps) = 8192 μs
Round-Trip Time (RTT):
The round-trip time is the time taken for a signal to travel from the source to the destination and back. The given one-way latency is 1.25 sec. Therefore, the round-trip time is:
RTT = 2 * (One-way Latency) = 2 * 1.25 sec = 2.5 sec
Calculating the Required Sequence Number:
The sequence number is used to uniquely identify each frame in the sliding window protocol. It needs to be large enough to accommodate the maximum number of frames that can be transmitted during the RTT.
Number of Frames:
The number of frames that can be transmitted during the RTT can be calculated by dividing the RTT by the transmission time of one frame:
Number of Frames = RTT / Transmission Time
Minimum Number of Bits:
To represent the number of frames, we need to find the minimum number of bits required. This can be calculated using the formula:
Minimum Number of Bits = ceil(log2(Number of Frames))
Substituting Values:
Substituting the values into the formulas:
Number of Frames = (2.5 sec) / (8192 μs) = 305.18
Minimum Number of Bits = ceil(log2(305.18)) = ceil(8.25) = 9
Therefore, the minimum number of bits needed for the sequence number is 9 bits.
Conclusion:
The correct answer is option 'A' - 9 bits. This is calculated by considering the link speed, frame size, and round-trip time of the network. The sequence number needs to be large enough to accommodate the maximum number of frames transmitted during the round-trip time.
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