Match List I (Regions of Bipolar Transistor in a Monolithic IC) with list II (Physical Properties)List Ia) Emitterb) Basec) Collectord) SubstrateList II(1) Moderate resistivity(2) Very high resistivity(3) Large size(4) Very high ConductivitySelect the correct answers from the following.a)A- 1 B-4 C-2 D-3b)A-4 B-1 C-2 D-3c)A-4 B-1 C-3 D-2d)A-1 B-4 C-3 D-2Correct answer is option 'C'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

The correct answer is option 'C': A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2.

Explanation:
The bipolar transistor is a three-layer semiconductor device consisting of two pn junctions. It is formed by sandwiching a thin layer of either p-type or n-type semiconductor material between two layers of the opposite type. The three layers of the bipolar transistor are called emitter, base, and collector.

List I:
a) Emitter
b) Base
c) Collector
d) Substrate

List II:
(1) Moderate resistivity
(2) Very high resistivity
(3) Large size
(4) Very high conductivity

Now let's match the regions of the bipolar transistor in a monolithic IC with their physical properties:

Emitter: The emitter is heavily doped compared to the base and collector regions. It has a large number of majority charge carriers (electrons for an n-type emitter) and is designed for efficient injection of charge carriers into the base region. The emitter has very high conductivity due to heavy doping, which allows for easy flow of charge carriers.

Base: The base region is lightly doped compared to the emitter and collector regions. It is responsible for controlling the flow of charge carriers between the emitter and collector. The base region has very high resistivity, which limits the flow of charge carriers and enables the transistor to function as an amplifier or switch.

Collector: The collector region is lightly doped compared to the emitter but has a higher doping concentration than the base region. It collects the majority charge carriers (electrons for an n-type transistor) from the base region and is designed to handle high currents. The collector region has moderate resistivity, which allows for efficient collection of charge carriers.

Substrate: The substrate is the foundation or base material on which the bipolar transistor is fabricated. It provides mechanical support and electrical isolation between different regions of the transistor. The substrate typically has a large size compared to the active regions of the transistor.

Matching the regions of the bipolar transistor with their physical properties:

a) Emitter - (4) Very high conductivity
b) Base - (1) Moderate resistivity
c) Collector - (3) Large size
d) Substrate - (2) Very high resistivity

Hence, the correct match is option 'C': A-4, B-1, C-3, D-2.

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