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Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?
- a)Insulin, glucagon
- b)Thyroxine, insulin
- c)Somatostatin, oxytocin
- d)Cortisol, testosterone
Correct answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those...
Cortisol and testosterone are steroid hormones and are easily soluble in lipids. They regulate gene expression by the interaction of hormone receptor complex with the genome. So, these easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it.
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Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those...
Introduction
Hormones can be classified based on their ability to cross the cell membrane and the type of receptors they bind to. The correct option is D, which includes cortisol and testosterone, both of which are steroid hormones.
Characteristics of Steroid Hormones
- Lipid Solubility: Cortisol and testosterone are lipid-soluble, which allows them to easily pass through the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes.
- Intracellular Receptors: Once inside the target cell, these hormones bind to specific receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
Mechanism of Action
- Hormone-Receptor Complex: Upon binding, the hormone-receptor complex translocates to the nucleus.
- Gene Regulation: This complex interacts with DNA to regulate the transcription of specific genes, leading to changes in protein synthesis and cellular function.
Comparison with Other Hormones
- Insulin and Glucagon: Both are peptide hormones and cannot easily cross the cell membrane. They interact with receptors on the cell surface, triggering a signaling cascade.
- Thyroxine: Although it is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and is more hydrophobic than insulin, it still requires a transporter for cellular entry.
- Somatostatin and Oxytocin: These are also peptide hormones and follow a similar mechanism to insulin and glucagon, relying on surface receptors for action.
Conclusion
Cortisol and testosterone exemplify hormones that can easily diffuse across cell membranes and exert their effects from within the cell, primarily through gene expression modulation. This characteristic distinguishes them from peptide hormones, making option D the correct answer.
Hormones can be classified based on their ability to cross the cell membrane and the type of receptors they bind to. The correct option is D, which includes cortisol and testosterone, both of which are steroid hormones.
Characteristics of Steroid Hormones
- Lipid Solubility: Cortisol and testosterone are lipid-soluble, which allows them to easily pass through the phospholipid bilayer of cell membranes.
- Intracellular Receptors: Once inside the target cell, these hormones bind to specific receptors located in the cytoplasm or nucleus.
Mechanism of Action
- Hormone-Receptor Complex: Upon binding, the hormone-receptor complex translocates to the nucleus.
- Gene Regulation: This complex interacts with DNA to regulate the transcription of specific genes, leading to changes in protein synthesis and cellular function.
Comparison with Other Hormones
- Insulin and Glucagon: Both are peptide hormones and cannot easily cross the cell membrane. They interact with receptors on the cell surface, triggering a signaling cascade.
- Thyroxine: Although it is derived from the amino acid tyrosine and is more hydrophobic than insulin, it still requires a transporter for cellular entry.
- Somatostatin and Oxytocin: These are also peptide hormones and follow a similar mechanism to insulin and glucagon, relying on surface receptors for action.
Conclusion
Cortisol and testosterone exemplify hormones that can easily diffuse across cell membranes and exert their effects from within the cell, primarily through gene expression modulation. This characteristic distinguishes them from peptide hormones, making option D the correct answer.
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Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?a)Insulin, glucagonb)Thyroxine, insulinc)Somatostatin, oxytocind)Cortisol, testosteroneCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?
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Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?a)Insulin, glucagonb)Thyroxine, insulinc)Somatostatin, oxytocind)Cortisol, testosteroneCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? for NEET 2024 is part of NEET preparation. The Question and answers have been prepared according to the NEET exam syllabus. Information about Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?a)Insulin, glucagonb)Thyroxine, insulinc)Somatostatin, oxytocind)Cortisol, testosteroneCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer? covers all topics & solutions for NEET 2024 Exam. Find important definitions, questions, meanings, examples, exercises and tests below for Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus)?a)Insulin, glucagonb)Thyroxine, insulinc)Somatostatin, oxytocind)Cortisol, testosteroneCorrect answer is option 'D'. Can you explain this answer?.
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