Pheretima or earthworm is dentritivore i.e it decompose all raw objects like plant remains. the product dentritus than go in a no. of processes to gets converted into minerals...

The Nourishment of Pheretima and its Close Relative

Pheretima, commonly known as the earthworm, and its close relative derive their nourishment primarily from decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter. Let us explore why option 'B' is the correct answer.

Decomposition of Fallen Leaves
- Earthworms are detritivores, which means they feed on dead organic matter. Fallen leaves are a rich source of organic material, and as they decompose on the forest floor, earthworms play a vital role in breaking them down further.
- Earthworms consume the partially decomposed leaves, extracting nutrients and energy from them. They have a specialized muscular organ called a gizzard, which helps grind the plant material into smaller particles for digestion.

Soil Organic Matter
- In addition to fallen leaves, earthworms also feed on soil organic matter. This includes decomposing plant and animal remains, such as dead roots, dead insects, and other organic debris present in the soil.
- As earthworms burrow through the soil, they ingest the soil along with the organic matter present in it. The organic matter passes through their digestive system, where it is broken down by enzymes and beneficial gut bacteria.
- This process of consuming and digesting soil organic matter helps in the decomposition and mineralization of nutrients, making them available for other organisms and plants.

Role in Nutrient Cycling
- Earthworms play a crucial role in nutrient cycling and soil fertility. By feeding on decaying organic matter, they accelerate the decomposition process, releasing nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium into the soil.
- The earthworms' burrowing activities also enhance soil aeration and improve drainage. This helps plant roots access nutrients and water more effectively, promoting their growth and overall ecosystem health.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Pheretima and its close relative derive nourishment mainly from decaying fallen leaves and soil organic matter. Their detritivorous nature and ability to consume and digest organic material contribute to nutrient cycling, soil fertility, and the overall health of the ecosystems they inhabit.