Tranquil flow must always occur. 1) at normal depth 2)above normal dep...
Tranquil Flow and its Depth
Introduction
Tranquil flow is a state of flow in which the flow of water is smooth and uniform. It occurs when the velocity of the water is below a certain critical value. The depth of the water can affect the occurrence of tranquil flow. In this response, we will discuss the depth at which tranquil flow can occur.
Normal Depth
Normal depth is the depth of water in a channel when the flow is uniform and the resistance to flow is at a minimum. Tranquil flow can occur at normal depth when the velocity of the water is below the critical velocity. When the velocity is below the critical velocity, the flow of water is smooth and uniform. Therefore, tranquil flow can occur at normal depth.
Above Normal Depth
When the depth of the water is above normal depth, the velocity of the water increases. As a result, the flow of water becomes turbulent. Turbulent flow is characterized by the irregular movement of water particles. Therefore, tranquil flow cannot occur above normal depth.
Above Critical Depth
Critical depth is the depth at which the velocity of the water is equal to the critical velocity. When the depth of the water is above critical depth, the velocity of the water is above the critical velocity. As a result, the flow of water becomes supercritical. Supercritical flow is characterized by the irregular movement of water particles. Therefore, tranquil flow cannot occur above critical depth.
Below Normal Depth
When the depth of the water is below normal depth, the velocity of the water decreases. As a result, the flow of water becomes irregular. Irregular flow is characterized by the irregular movement of water particles. Therefore, tranquil flow cannot occur below normal depth.
Conclusion
In conclusion, tranquil flow can occur at normal depth when the velocity of the water is below the critical velocity. It cannot occur above normal depth, above critical depth, and below normal depth. Understanding the depth at which tranquil flow can occur is important for designing channels and regulating the flow of water in rivers and streams.