Vira Saivas

The Vira Saiva sect is one of the Saiva sects that gives equal importance to social and religious reforms. Let's understand why this sect is known for its emphasis on both aspects.

Historical Background:
The Vira Saiva sect emerged during the 12th century in South India, primarily in the region of Karnataka. It was founded by Basavanna, a social reformer and philosopher. Basavanna challenged the prevailing caste-based social order and sought to establish a society based on equality and social justice. His teachings and reforms later crystallized into the Vira Saiva sect.

Equal Importance to Social and Religious Reforms:
1. Social Reforms:
- The Vira Saiva sect emphasized social equality and rejected the rigid caste system prevalent in society. They believed in the inherent worth and dignity of all individuals, irrespective of their social status.
- They advocated for the upliftment of the marginalized and oppressed sections of society, such as the Dalits and women. They actively worked towards eradicating social evils like untouchability and discrimination.
- The sect promoted the idea of community kitchens called "Anubhava Mantapa," where people from all castes and backgrounds could come together and share meals as equals.
- Vira Saivas also emphasized the importance of education, particularly for the lower castes, as a means to empower individuals and uplift society as a whole.

2. Religious Reforms:
- The Vira Saivas sought to reform the existing religious practices and rituals associated with Saivism. They aimed to simplify and democratize the religious experience, making it accessible to all.
- They emphasized the concept of "Ishtalinga," a personal and portable form of worship, which could be a small stone or a metal object. This practice allowed individuals to connect with the divine without the need for elaborate rituals or expensive temple visits.
- The sect rejected the authority of the Brahmin priests and instead promoted the idea of a direct and personal relationship with God. This challenged the hierarchical structure of the society and religious institutions.
- Vira Saivas also composed Vachanas, a form of devotional poetry, to spread their teachings and spiritual messages. These poems were written in the local language, Kannada, making them accessible to the common people.

In conclusion, the Vira Saiva sect, founded by Basavanna, is known for giving equal importance to social and religious reforms. They challenged the caste-based social order, advocated for social equality, and worked towards the upliftment of marginalized sections of society. Simultaneously, they sought to simplify and democratize the religious experience, emphasizing direct personal worship and rejecting the authority of Brahmin priests.