Constitutional Body: National Commission for Scheduled Castes

The correct answer is option 'D', the National Commission for Scheduled Castes. This is a constitutional body that was established under Article 338 of the Constitution of India. Let's understand the role and significance of this commission in detail.

1. Background:
- The National Commission for Scheduled Castes (NCSC) was established in 2004 as a constitutional body to safeguard the rights and interests of the Scheduled Castes (SCs) in India.
- It is an outcome of the 65th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1990, which inserted Articles 338B and 338C into the Constitution.

2. Constitutional Provisions:
- Article 338B: It provides for the establishment of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes. The composition, powers, and functions of the commission are mentioned under this article.
- Article 338C: It deals with the establishment and functions of similar commissions for Scheduled Tribes (STs). However, the question specifically asks about the Scheduled Castes Commission.

3. Composition:
- The National Commission for Scheduled Castes consists of a Chairperson, Vice-Chairperson, and three other members. They are appointed by the President of India.
- The Chairperson should be a person who has been a judge of the Supreme Court or Chief Justice of a High Court.
- The Vice-Chairperson and other members should have special knowledge or practical experience in matters relating to the welfare of SCs.

4. Functions:
The key functions of the National Commission for Scheduled Castes include:
- Investigating and monitoring matters related to the safeguards provided for SCs under the Constitution or any law.
- Inquiring into specific complaints regarding violation of rights and safeguards of SCs.
- Participating and advising in the planning process of socio-economic development of SCs and evaluating the progress made.
- Making recommendations for the effective implementation of constitutional and legal safeguards for SCs.
- Monitoring the working of various institutions for the protection of SCs and their welfare.

5. Powers:
The National Commission for Scheduled Castes has the powers of a civil court while investigating and inquiring into any matter. These powers include the ability to:
- Summon and enforce the attendance of witnesses.
- Receive evidence on affidavits.
- Requisition any public record or copy thereof from any court or office.
- Issue commissions for the examination of witnesses or documents.
- Any other powers that may be prescribed.

In conclusion, the National Commission for Scheduled Castes is a constitutional body established to protect and safeguard the rights and interests of the Scheduled Castes in India. It plays a crucial role in monitoring, investigating, and recommending measures for the effective implementation of constitutional and legal safeguards for SCs.