Incorrect match: Tachypnea - Normal breathing

Tachypnea refers to an abnormally rapid breathing rate, which is typically seen in various medical conditions. It is characterized by an increase in the number of breaths per minute beyond the normal range. On the other hand, normal breathing, also known as eupnea, refers to the typical breathing pattern observed in healthy individuals at rest.

Explanation:
1. Dyspnoea - Laboured breathing:
Dyspnoea is a medical term used to describe laboured or difficult breathing. It is often associated with a feeling of shortness of breath or the inability to breathe comfortably. Dyspnoea is commonly seen in conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), congestive heart failure, and lung infections.

2. Tachypnea - Normal breathing:
Tachypnea, as mentioned earlier, is an increased breathing rate. It is often observed in response to certain physiological or pathological conditions. Some common causes of tachypnea include fever, anxiety, physical exertion, asthma attacks, pneumonia, and respiratory distress syndrome in newborns. Tachypnea should not be confused with normal breathing, which occurs at a regular and comfortable rate.

3. Eupnea - Ordinary quiet breathing:
Eupnea refers to ordinary quiet breathing observed in healthy individuals at rest. It is characterized by a regular and comfortable breathing pattern. Eupnea is the normal breathing rate and depth required to maintain appropriate oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in the body.

4. Apnea - Absence of breathing:
Apnea is the complete absence of breathing. It can occur temporarily during sleep (known as sleep apnea) or as a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention. Sleep apnea is characterized by repeated episodes of cessation of breathing during sleep, leading to disrupted sleep patterns and potential health consequences. In contrast, medical emergencies involving apnea require prompt resuscitation measures to restore breathing and prevent complications.

Therefore, the incorrect match in the given options is option 'B' - Tachypnea being described as normal breathing. Tachypnea is an abnormal increase in breathing rate, whereas normal breathing is better described as eupnea.

Tachypnea occurs when the respiratory rate is greater than that of normal. The normal respiratory rate in adults is 12 to 16 breaths per minute. In tachypnea, the respiratory rate increases to more than 20 breaths per minute.