Which one of the following movements has contributed toa split in the Indian National Congress resulting in the emergence of moderates and extremists?[2015]a)Swadeshi Movementb)Quit India Movementc)Non-Cooperation Movementd)Civil Disobedience MovementCorrect answer is option 'A'. Can you explain this answer?

Question

Answer

Surat split is an important event in the modern history of India. It took place in 1907 when the moderates parted company with the Extremists. The split in the congress was due to many reasons. The Moderates had controlled the congress from its very beginning and had their own ways of thinking and doing which were not acceptable to the younger generations who were impatient with the speed at which the moderates were moving and leading the nation. This was the time of Swadeshi Movement.

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Swadeshi movement ans

Answer

Understanding the Split in Indian National Congress
The Indian National Congress (INC) experienced a significant ideological divide during the early 20th century, which can largely be attributed to the impact of the Swadeshi Movement.
Background of the Swadeshi Movement
- The Swadeshi Movement emerged in response to the Partition of Bengal in 1905, which was seen as a British strategy to divide and rule by fostering communal tensions.
- The movement promoted the use of Indian-made goods and boycotting British products, emphasizing self-reliance and nationalism.
Emergence of Moderates and Extremists
- Moderates: This faction, led by leaders like Gopal Krishna Gokhale, advocated for gradual reforms through dialogue and constitutional means with the British authorities. They aimed for political concessions without disrupting the status quo.
- Extremists: In contrast, leaders such as Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, and Lala Lajpat Rai emerged, advocating for more direct and confrontational methods. They believed that radical actions were necessary to achieve independence and that the British would not grant concessions willingly.
Impact of the Movement
- The Swadeshi Movement intensified feelings of nationalism and encouraged a more assertive approach towards British rule, leading to an ideological rift within the INC.
- The differences in approach resulted in the split during the Surat session of the Congress in 1907, where the moderates and extremists formally parted ways.
Conclusion
The Swadeshi Movement was pivotal in shaping the ideological landscape of the Indian National Congress, giving rise to the distinct groups of moderates and extremists, each with different strategies in the fight for India’s independence.

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